Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-94

At almost every shop, we see products with black and white stripes. This is a barcode, a visual representation of data that can be read by a machine. A barcode scanner is a device designed to read information encoded in these black and white lines, connecting a physical product to a digital database.

The process starts when the scanner shines a beam of light, typically red, onto the barcode. This light (21) __________ be from a laser or an LED. When the light beam hits the barcode, it is reflected back towards the scanner. The pattern of black bars and white spaces affects how much light is returned.

The key to the system is how different colors reflect light. The white spaces reflect the most light, while the black bars reflect the least. A sensor inside the scanner measures the intensity of the reflected light. The white areas, being more reflective, send back a (22) __________ signal than the black bars.

The sensor converts this varying pattern of light into an electrical signal. This is then sent to a part of the scanner called the decoder. The decoder analyzes the signal's waveform to translate it back into the numbers and letters that the barcode represents. (23) __________ does the computer receive the information, but it also instantly looks it up in a database.

This final step is what allows the cashier to see the price and name of the item on their screen. (24) __________, the simple act of scanning a barcode involves a complex but rapid sequence of light, reflection, and digital conversion, making shopping faster and more efficient for everyone.

In today’s digital world, platforms like TikTok and YouTube thrive on creativity, often fueled by remix culture. [I] You’ve probably seen countless videos featuring snippets of popular songs, from dance challenges to comedic skits. [II] This ability to instantly share and build upon existing content feels like the ultimate creative expression. [III] But beneath this vibrant surface lies a complex question: when does creative remixing cross the line from innovation into infringement?

[IV] The heart of this issue is copyright, a legal right granting creators exclusive control over their original works. When Sơn Tùng M-TP releases a song, he, or his record label, owns its copyright: the melody, lyrics, and recording. This means they have the sole right to reproduce, distribute, perform, or display their work. Permission is required if someone else uses it commercially or as a direct copy. Copyright protects artists’ livelihoods and incentivizes them to produce more music, ensuring credit and compensation for their talent.

So, when you use a V-Pop song in your fan video or dance cover without permission, are you a creator or a thief? Your intention might be innocent—just showing appreciation—but it can be seen as copyright infringement. Platforms like YouTube quickly detect unauthorized use. This can lead to a 'copyright strike,' your video muted or taken down, or even account suspension. These rules protect original artists, preventing their work from being used without consent, even for non-commercial purposes.

However, not all uses of copyrighted material are prohibited. There's 'fair use' (or 'fair dealing'), allowing limited use without permission for purposes like commentary, criticism, news reporting, teaching, or research. A transformative parody, for instance, might fall under fair use. Fair use is complicated and determined case-by-case, considering purpose, nature of the work, amount used, and its market effect. For your next project, consider creating original music, using royalty-free tracks, or seeking explicit permission if you truly want to feature a popular song.

Ultimately, understanding intellectual property isn't about stifling creativity; it’s about becoming a responsible, ethical digital citizen. As you craft your next video or TikTok, think about how your creative choices impact the original artists who made the music you enjoy. Respecting copyright not only protects you from potential content takedowns but also contributes to a healthier creative ecosystem where artists are fairly compensated and motivated to produce amazing work. By being mindful of these rules, you can continue to be a fantastic creator, innovating responsibly and supporting the artists you admire.