Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-81

A lever is a type of simple machine, a basic mechanical device (21) __________ helps to make work easier. It is one of the most fundamental tools in engineering and everyday life. A lever is essentially a long, rigid bar or beam that pivots on a fixed point. This fixed point is known as the fulcrum. The main purpose of a lever is to lift or move a weight with less force than would be needed without it.

Every lever consists (22) __________ three main components. The first is the fulcrum, the pivot point. The second is the load, which is the object or weight that needs to be moved. The third component is the effort, which is the force that is applied to the lever in order to move the load. The interaction between these three parts is what gives the lever its mechanical advantage, allowing a person to accomplish tasks that would otherwise be very difficult.

The way a lever works is all about distance and force. By changing the position of the fulcrum relative to the load and the effort, you can significantly change the amount of force required. For example, if the fulcrum is placed closer to the load, (23) __________ effort is needed to lift it. This mechanical advantage allows a small force to be magnified into a much greater force, making it possible to move very heavy objects.

You can find levers all around you. A seesaw on a playground is a perfect example, where the pivot in the middle is the fulcrum. A crowbar uses the same principle to pull out nails, and a bottle opener allows you to remove a cap with minimal effort. (24) __________, these tools might look different, they all use the same core mechanics to make work easier. Each one has a fulcrum, a load to act upon, and a point where effort is applied.

In conclusion, the lever is a powerful tool because of its simple design and effective application of physical laws. The basic principle behind it—trading a small force over a larger distance to move a heavy load over a shorter distance—has been used by engineers for centuries. It proves that even the simplest ideas can have a great impact on our ability to shape the world around us.

For many first-time travelers, the sheer scale and complexity of a modern international airport can be an intimidating experience. Far from being simple transit points, these bustling hubs are often likened to miniature cities, each with its own intricate network of terminals, concourses, and gates. The initial excitement of a journey can quickly turn into apprehension when confronted with thousands of people, diverse signs, and an omnipresent hum of activity. This initial encounter with the organized chaos of an airport often feels like the traveler's first significant hurdle. [I]

Navigating an airport successfully demands more than just finding your way. [II] From the initial check-in counter for luggage drop-off, to the often-stressful security checkpoints with meticulous screening, every step requires attention. Locating your specific departure gate, often amidst a labyrinth of shops and eateries, further tests a traveler's resolve. Understanding boarding calls, currency exchanges, and sometimes language barriers adds layers to this complex challenge.

This global challenge resonates strongly with Vietnamese travelers, especially those embarking on their first international adventures. Vietnam's primary gateways, Noi Bai International Airport in Hanoi and Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City, are incredibly busy and complex hubs. For millions of Vietnamese citizens, successfully maneuvering through these often-crowded facilities is the very first tangible part of any journey abroad. A smooth departure from these environments sets the tone for the entire trip, whether for education, work, or leisure. [III]

For a 14 to 15-year-old, navigating a large airport independently can seem immense. Imagine flying alone for the first time – perhaps to study abroad, visit relatives, or embark on a long-awaited vacation. [IV] This experience, while thrilling, presents a unique test of self-reliance. Knowing the steps, from online check-in and baggage rules to security and finding your gate on time, transforms a stressful ordeal into an empowering achievement. This mastery builds significant confidence, proving a young person's capability to handle responsibilities.

Ultimately, mastering airport navigation is more than just a practical skill; it's a foundational step in becoming an independent and confident global citizen. The initial "lost in the airport" feeling can be overcome with preparation and a clear understanding of the process. Successfully passing through security, locating the correct gate, and finally stepping onto the plane provides a profound sense of accomplishment. It signifies not only the start of a new journey but also a personal milestone, equipping travelers of all ages with the confidence to explore the world.