Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-76

A dome is a beautiful architectural element, famous for its ability to (21) __________ a large area without the need for internal columns. This creates a vast, open, and spacious interior. Essentially, a dome is a three-dimensional arch, rotated 360 degrees around its central vertical axis. It is a self-supporting structure, meaning its own shape gives it strength. The curved surface is not just for appearance; it is key to its stability.

The genius of the dome lies in how it manages weight. The force of gravity pulls the materials downwards, but the dome’s curved shape redirects this force outwards, along its surface. This outward push is known as "thrust." For a dome to be (22) __________ sound, this thrust has to be managed. If it is not properly contained, the base of the dome will spread apart, and the entire structure will collapse.

(23) __________, architects developed clever ways to counter this outward thrust. The base of the dome (24) __________ be supported by very thick, heavy walls or by external supports called buttresses. These elements push back against the dome's outward force, creating a state of equilibrium. The weight is safely channeled downwards into the ground through these strong foundations.

Perhaps the most famous example of a dome is the Pantheon in Rome, built nearly 2,000 years ago. Its concrete dome is still the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world, and it was engineered to withstand its own immense weight. The famous opening at the top, the oculus, actually reduces stress on the structure, which also lets in a dramatic beam of light.

In conclusion, the dome is more than just a roof; it is a sophisticated solution to an engineering problem. It showcases a deep understanding of forces and materials. Seldom do we find such a perfect blend of artistic beauty and scientific principle in a single architectural form.

Telemedicine, the practice of consulting doctors remotely through video calls or apps, has rapidly transformed global healthcare. Once a niche service, it surged into prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic, becoming a vital tool for maintaining medical access while minimizing physical contact. [I] Its growing adoption across countries prompts an important question: is consulting a doctor through an app truly a good idea for everyday health concerns?

For teenagers and their families, the appeal of telemedicine is clear. Imagine waking up with a minor health issue. Instead of a long wait at a crowded clinic or navigating traffic, a quick video call via an app can connect you to a doctor in minutes. [II] This convenience saves time and reduces stress, making it an excellent option for minor issues not requiring a physical exam, like common colds, mild allergies, or prescription refills. This ease also encourages seeking advice earlier, potentially preventing small problems from escalating.

Vietnam has enthusiastically embraced this digital shift, with several homegrown telemedicine platforms emerging. Companies like Doctor Anywhere and Med247 have established systems connecting patients in urban and rural areas with qualified medical professionals. These platforms are crucial in expanding healthcare access beyond traditional clinic walls, offering consultations for general health, pediatrics, and more. [III] This local resonance highlights how telemedicine isn't just a global trend but a practical solution addressing specific healthcare needs within Vietnam.

However, while telemedicine offers numerous advantages, it's not a universal solution. Patients must understand its limitations. Conditions requiring a physical examination, like severe injuries, breathing difficulties, or persistent unexplained pain, are unsuitable for remote diagnosis. Emergency situations always demand immediate in-person attention. Without the ability to touch, listen, or perform diagnostic tests, a doctor's assessment of complex conditions is significantly constrained, potentially leading to misdiagnoses or delayed treatment for serious problems. [IV]

Ultimately, consulting a doctor through an app can be a valuable and efficient tool for managing certain health needs. It offers unparalleled convenience and expands access to medical expertise, especially where clinics are scarce. For minor ailments and follow-up questions, it’s a modern convenience for a digitally-savvy generation. Nevertheless, it's crucial to understand its boundaries. Knowing when an app consultation is appropriate versus when an in-person visit is essential ensures you receive the most effective and safest care possible.