Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-73

Have you ever wondered how a self-driving car can drive without a human? The secret is in how it 'sees' the world. A self-driving car is equipped with (21) __________ complex system of sensors and cameras that act as its eyes and ears, constantly scanning the environment. These tools gather a huge amount of data every second to build a detailed picture of the road.

The most familiar tools are the cameras, often placed in front of, behind, and around the vehicle. These cameras work much like human eyes, detecting lane markings, traffic lights, and road signs. This visual information is crucial, as it identifies any potential obstacle, such as a pedestrian or another car. This data is processed in real-time, allowing the vehicle to navigate safely and follow the rules of the road.

However, cameras have limitations; they can struggle in fog, heavy rain, or darkness. That's why autonomous cars also use radar. Radar systems are not affected by bad weather. They send out radio waves in order to detect objects and calculate their distance, speed, and direction. If a car relied only on cameras, it (22) __________ struggle in these poor visibility conditions, but radar provides a reliable backup.

For an even more detailed view, many cars use LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). This technology spins around, sending out millions of laser pulses per second to create a precise 3D map of the car's surroundings. The car's central computer must (23) __________ all of this data from the cameras, radar, and LiDAR. This process is like building a puzzle to (24) __________ of what's happening around the car.

By combining information from all these different technologies, a self-driving car creates a comprehensive and reliable understanding of its environment. One designer said that the previous model had relied on simpler technology, but the new systems are far more advanced. This multi-layered approach to perception is what makes autonomous driving a growing reality for the future of transport.

As technology increasingly integrates into our educational systems, students worldwide are learning to navigate new forms of communication, especially when interacting with their teachers online. [I] This digital shift demands a distinct approach compared to the informal exchanges typical of social media or texting friends. Understanding the nuances of digital communication etiquette is no longer merely an option; it is a fundamental skill essential for academic success and personal development in the modern learning environment.

Many students, accustomed to the immediate and casual nature of digital messaging, might not fully grasp that an all-caps email or a late-night message sent with informal slang can be misconstrued or appear unprofessional. [II] During periods of online learning, teachers in Vietnam, for example, frequently reported receiving messages from students at unusual hours and in very informal styles, highlighting a significant gap in digital professionalism. Imagine trying to get help from an email titled "URGENT!!!" without a proper greeting or clear context – it can be frustrating for the recipient and counterproductive for the sender.

So, what constitutes effective digital communication with a teacher? Always begin with a clear, concise subject line, such as "Question about History Assignment - [Your Name]". Start your message with a formal greeting like "Dear Mr./Ms. [Teacher's Last Name]". Clearly state your purpose or question, providing all necessary details without using slang, emojis, or abbreviations. Conclude politely with a formal closing such as "Sincerely" or "Best regards," followed by your full name and class. Finally, always proofread your message carefully for any errors before sending it.

Adopting these professional practices offers tangible benefits for students. If you need to email your teacher a critical question about the upcoming high school entrance exam, for instance, a well-composed message is far more likely to elicit a prompt, helpful, and comprehensive response. [III] A well-written email not only clarifies your query but also demonstrates your respect for their time and expertise, leaving a positive impression that can lead to better support throughout your academic journey.

Ultimately, mastering digital communication etiquette extends beyond simply getting a quick answer to a homework question; it is about developing an essential life skill. [IV] The challenges observed during periods of online learning in places like Vietnam, where educational channels such as VTV have specifically addressed the need for digital professionalism, resonate globally. Learning how to communicate formally and respectfully online prepares you not only for future academic pursuits but also for the professional world, where clear, appropriate, and thoughtful digital interactions are increasingly paramount for success.