Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-57

For centuries, engineers have used simple machines to solve complex problems. One of the most basic yet effective of these is the inclined plane, which is simply a flat, supporting surface tilted at an angle, with one end higher than the other. The main purpose of an inclined plane is to help raise or lower an object by reducing the amount of force needed. It's a foundational tool in physics and engineering.

Imagine you need to lift a heavy box onto a truck. Lifting it straight up requires a great deal of force. (21) __________, if you use a ramp, you are essentially trading force for distance. You will have to push the box over a longer path, but the force you need to apply at any given moment is significantly less. This makes the task much easier to accomplish.

You can see inclined planes everywhere in daily life. Stairs are a type of inclined plane, allowing us to move (22) __________ to different floors with less effort than climbing a ladder. Another common example is a wheelchair ramp, a simple structure that provides access to buildings for people with mobility challenges. Even a winding road going up a mountain follows the same principle.

The angle of the slope is a critical factor. A gentle slope makes it easier to push an object, but it also means the ramp has to be much longer to reach the same height. To move (23) __________ heavy object, engineers must find the right balance. They must (24) __________ enough force to overcome gravity and friction, but the ramp helps to minimize how much is needed.

The inclined plane is an elegant demonstration of a key physics concept. It allows us to accomplish difficult tasks by spreading the work out over a greater distance. The fundamental principle is that while the total amount of work done remains the same, the force required is reduced. This simple idea has had a massive impact on construction and engineering throughout history.

In cities and towns worldwide, true heroes often walk among us, not in capes but in everyday work clothes. These are ordinary individuals who, through sheer generosity and a desire to help, transform their free time and skills into extraordinary acts of community service. Their contributions, though often unnoticed, create ripples of positive change that profoundly impact lives. Vietnam, with its strong community spirit and tradition of mutual support, is particularly rich in such inspiring narratives, often highlighting quiet yet powerful forms of benevolence found in the most unexpected places. [I]

One such heartwarming tale centers on Mr. Nguyễn Trung Chinh, a humble motorbike repairman from Hanoi. By day, Mr. Chinh skillfully fixes engines and patches tires, his hands grimy but his spirit bright. Yet, as evening descends, he embarks on another vital profession. Witnessing many children from disadvantaged backgrounds struggling with studies and lacking access to education beyond school hours, he felt a deep calling to bridge this gap, using his own limited resources to make a significant difference in their lives. [II]

With remarkable dedication, Mr. Chinh transformed a small corner of his repair shop or sometimes his modest home into a vibrant classroom. Every night, eager young faces gathered for his free evening classes. He patiently guided them through basic school subjects, helped with daunting homework assignments, and instilled confidence where there was once only frustration. For these children, often from impoverished families, this was more than just a place to learn; it was a sanctuary of hope, offering a path to a brighter future through education they otherwise couldn't afford. [III]

Stories like Mr. Chinh's resonate deeply within Vietnamese society, embodying the spirit of "lá lành đùm lá rách" – the good leaves protect the torn leaves. [IV] They showcase him as a prime example of quiet heroism and community solidarity, celebrating how ordinary people can embody profound compassion. This demonstrates powerfully that true generosity comes from the heart, not necessarily from a large bank account.

Mr. Nguyễn Trung Chinh’s story serves as a powerful reminder that philanthropy isn't exclusively for the wealthy or famous. For teenagers, especially those considering their own contributions to the world, it illustrates that making a significant difference doesn't require grand gestures or vast sums of money. Contributing your time, sharing your knowledge, or simply offering a helping hand can be an incredibly powerful act of kindness. His example inspires us all to look for opportunities to uplift others, proving everyone possesses the capacity to be a philanthropist in their own unique way.