Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-49

Have you ever wondered how a simple bar of soap is made? While it seems like a basic everyday object, its creation is a fascinating chemical journey. The manufacturing of soap follows a precise and traditional method that has been refined over centuries. The (21) __________ chemical reaction involved is called saponification, which is essentially the process of turning fats and oils into soap. This transformation is the core of all soap production.

The process begins with the careful selection of ingredients. First, fats or oils, which can come from either vegetable or animal sources, are combined with an alkali. A common alkali used in soap making is sodium hydroxide, also known as lye. This mixture is then heated (22) __________ a specific temperature and stirred continuously. Heating helps to accelerate the saponification reaction, ensuring that all the oil and lye react completely.

(23) __________, once the reaction is complete, the mixture thickens into a hot, liquid soap. At this stage, other ingredients like fragrances, colors, or essential oils can be added to customize the final product. The liquid soap is then carefully poured into large trays called molds. It is left in these molds to cool and begin the hardening process, which is a critical step for creating a solid bar.

After being poured, the soap must be left to 'cure' for several weeks. This waiting period is (24) __________ because it allows the saponification to finish and the soap to harden fully. It also lets any excess water evaporate, resulting in a harder, longer-lasting bar. Each bar of soap must go through this curing stage; skipping it would result in a soft and unusable product. The patience required here is key to quality.

Finally, after the curing is complete, the large blocks of soap are removed from their molds. They are cut into the familiar smaller bars which we buy in stores. These bars are often stamped with the manufacturer's logo and then inspected for quality before being packaged. The entire process, from mixing raw ingredients to the finished bar, takes both scientific precision and careful craftsmanship.

Stand-up comedy has truly conquered the global entertainment scene, transforming how millions find laughter. We've witnessed its explosion, largely thanks to streaming giants like Netflix, which host a vast array of comedy specials, and platforms like YouTube, where hilarious clips go viral in an instant. This art form, featuring a single person on stage with just a microphone, captivates audiences worldwide with its raw honesty, sharp wit, and unique perspectives. It’s a direct, unfiltered connection between comedian and crowd, offering an intimate and often thought-provoking comedic experience. [I]

In Vietnam, however, the comedic landscape has historically been dominated by a different form: hài kịch, or traditional group comedy. [II] This beloved style typically involves multiple actors performing elaborate skits, often with costumes, props, and intricate storylines, much like short plays designed for laughs. Hài kịch is deeply embedded in Vietnamese culture, frequently appearing on television, at festivals, and during special events. [III]

Yet, a new wave of solo stand-up comedy is steadily gaining momentum, particularly within Vietnam's bustling major cities. Groups like Saigon Tếu have been instrumental in pioneering and popularizing this format, building a dedicated following primarily among younger, open-minded audiences. These pioneers are carving out unique spaces where comedians test new material, share personal anecdotes, and connect with audiences on a more intimate level. It’s a fresh, exciting scene, providing a platform for voices that might not fit the hài kịch mold, and offering urban dwellers a different kind of night out. [IV]

For teenagers who regularly consume funny videos online, stand-up comedy offers a fascinating glimpse into the mechanics of humor. Imagine a single person on a stage, armed only with a microphone and quick wit, entertaining an entire room. This isn't just about telling jokes; it's about observing the world, finding humor in everyday situations, and turning personal experiences into relatable stories. It requires immense courage, sharp observational skills, and the ability to connect authentically. It's a masterclass in communication and self-expression, delivered one punchline at a time.

As Vietnam embraces global cultural trends, stand-up comedy is poised to become a significant force in its entertainment landscape. Its appeal lies in its immediacy, individual voice, and capacity to tackle contemporary issues through laughter. For a generation that values authenticity and personal connection, this new way to laugh is more than just a performance; it’s an interactive experience. While hài kịch will always hold a special place, solo stand-up offers a fresh, dynamic form of entertainment that speaks directly to modern audiences.