Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-45

The world's tropical rainforests are incredible hubs of biodiversity, teeming with life from the ground up to the sky. To understand this complex environment, scientists often describe it as a building with four distinct floors. A rainforest is a very complex ecosystem, consisting of four main layers: the emergent layer, the canopy, the understory, and the forest floor. Each layer has unique characteristics and supports different forms of life, creating a vertically structured world.

High above everything else is the emergent layer. This is the tallest layer, with giant trees that grow much taller than the surrounding forest, sometimes reaching up to 60 meters. These trees receive the most direct sunlight and face strong winds. Animals living here, such as certain eagles and monkeys, must be well-adapted to put up with these challenging conditions and open spaces.

Below the emergent layer is the canopy. Often called the 'roof' of the rainforest, this layer is a thick, interconnected network of leaves and branches. It forms a dense cover; (21) __________, it blocks most of the sunlight from reaching the areas below. Many scientists have said they believe the canopy (22) __________ more species than any other layer, with countless insects, birds, and mammals making their homes in the leafy treetops.

If you (23) __________ into the understory, you would notice it is much darker and cooler than the canopy above. This layer is filled with shorter trees and shrubs that can survive with less light. Below the understory is the forest floor, the darkest and wettest part of the ecosystem. This area receives the least light but is crucial for decomposition, where fallen leaves, branches, and other organic matter break down and return nutrients to the soil.

Each of these layers is dependent on the others, forming an intricate system that supports an amazing variety of life. Protecting rainforests means protecting all four of these interconnected worlds. Understanding these layers is not just an academic exercise; it's a matter of seeing the big (24) __________ when it comes to conservation and appreciating the complexity of our planet’s ecosystems.

Across the globe, the concept of 'family' is undergoing a profound transformation. What was once a large, multi-generational household sharing one roof is giving way to smaller, more nuclear units. This shift, driven by societal and economic factors, reflects a global trend towards individualism and changing living preferences. In many developed nations, independent households are now the norm for young adults. But what does this mean for Vietnam, where multi-generational living has historically been central to cultural identity? [I]

For centuries, the traditional Vietnamese family emphasized community, intergenerational living, and deep respect for elders. Filial piety, or 'hiếu thảo,' is a deeply ingrained value, requiring children to care for and honor parents and grandparents. This often meant multiple generations living together, sharing responsibilities and joys. The eldest son typically held significant responsibility, and family decisions were often made collectively, guided by elders' wisdom. [II]

Modern Vietnam is experiencing rapid urbanization and economic development, reshaping these traditions. As young people move to cities for education and careers, multi-generational living becomes less practical. [III] This evolving dynamic often becomes a lively topic during family gatherings, especially during the annual Tết holiday. It’s a period when the clash between modern aspirations and traditional expectations is keenly felt.

For teenagers, these changes aren't abstract; they directly impact daily life. In multi-generational homes, chores might be shared, but privacy can be limited. In smaller, nuclear families, there's more personal space, yet also greater individual household responsibilities. This shift also shapes future expectations. [IV] Will you live with your parents after school and career, as your grandparents likely did? Or will you seek independence sooner, balancing autonomy with family connection? These are questions many young Vietnamese confront.

So, is the traditional Vietnamese family changing forever? While household structures are evolving, core values like filial piety and strong family bonds remain profoundly important. Young Vietnamese adults still feel deep responsibility towards their parents, even when living separately. These changes reflect an adaptation to modern realities, not a rejection of heritage. Perhaps the Vietnamese family isn't vanishing, but transforming – balancing cherished traditions with the demands of a modernizing world, proving resilient and adaptable.