Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-42

The International Space Station (ISS) is a remarkable achievement of engineering. Orbiting our planet at thousands of kilometers per hour, it is one of the (21) __________ structures ever built by humans. As a home and laboratory in space, it requires a constant and reliable source of electricity to power its life support systems and scientific equipment. But how does it get this energy so far from Earth?

The key to its power is its massive set of solar arrays. These giant, wing-like panels are covered in thousands of solar cells. As the ISS orbits the Earth, these arrays are positioned to face the sun, where they continuously collect energy from sunlight. This process, known as photovoltaics, converts light directly into electricity. The size of these arrays is truly impressive, covering an area as large as a football field.

The ISS isn't always in direct sunlight; it passes through Earth's shadow for about 35 minutes of every 90-minute orbit. During these periods, the station (22) __________ rely on huge, rechargeable batteries. These batteries store the excess energy collected during the sunlit part of the orbit. (23) __________ ensures that the astronauts and systems on board have an uninterrupted power supply, 24 hours a day.

The electricity provided is crucial. This energy is essential for the astronauts on board, allowing them to conduct important research that is only possible in a microgravity environment. They study everything from human biology to innovative materials. The power also runs the computers, communication systems, and all the machinery that keeps the crew safe and healthy.

Not only does this system power the station, but it also serves as a brilliant example of renewable energy in action. It demonstrates how we can harness the power of the sun to sustain complex operations far from our home planet. (24) __________, the ISS is a self-sufficient outpost in space, thanks to its clever and continuous use of solar power.

TikTok has emerged as a global stage where short, viral dance challenges dominate youth culture and redefine music promotion. A trending dance move can launch a song into superstardom overnight, from pop hits to indie tracks. Characterized by brevity, repetitive movements, and ease of replication, these challenges are incredibly accessible to anyone with a smartphone. They foster shared participation across continents, allowing millions to engage dynamically with popular culture. Yet, while undeniably fun, this pervasive trend also raises questions about the creative demands it places on participants.

For many teenagers, TikTok dance challenges offer a vibrant outlet for self-expression and connection. Learning new steps and recording your own version is an engaging process, combining physical activity with digital creativity. It’s a chance to join a global conversation, share your unique flair, and connect with friends, even collaborating on routines. The sheer accessibility means professional training isn't required; enthusiasm and willingness to try suffice. This democratic aspect transforms casual viewers into active creators, fostering community around shared interests.

Vietnam has significantly contributed to this global dance phenomenon, showcasing powerful local talent. A prime example is the "Ghen Cô Vy" (Jealous Coronavirus) song and its accompanying dance. Created by choreographer Quang Đăng during the pandemic's early days, this public health message transformed into an unexpected global viral sensation. [I] This success highlighted Vietnamese ingenuity and the platform's capacity to amplify important messages through entertaining, shareable content. [II]

Despite the apparent fun, the constant influx of new dance challenges can also create hidden pressure, especially for teens. [III] There’s an unstated expectation to keep up, learn the latest moves, and produce content that performs well. This often leads to self-comparison, anxiety about not being "good enough" or "viral enough," and a feeling that creativity is dictated by trends, not personal inspiration. What starts as a casual pastime can morph into a source of stress, turning enjoyment into an obligation to constantly prove oneself digitally. [IV]

Ultimately, TikTok dance challenges offer both exciting avenues for creative expression and potential pitfalls of pressure. For 14-15 year olds navigating online identities, recognizing this duality is vital. Enjoy the thrill of learning new dances and connecting with friends, but be mindful of subtle demands to conform or achieve virality. True enjoyment stems from genuine participation and self-expression, not from chasing fleeting trends or self-comparison. Engaging with these challenges should remain a fun, personal choice, rather than an external expectation to constantly perform.