Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-33

The gasoline that powers millions of cars every day begins its journey as crude oil, a thick, dark liquid found deep beneath the Earth's surface. This non-renewable resource is not a single substance but a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons. To become useful, this raw material must first undergo a transformation process at a large industrial facility known as a refinery.

First, the crude oil is transported to the refinery, where it is heated in a large furnace to an extremely high temperature, around 400°C. This intense heat causes most of the oil to vaporize, turning it into a hot mix of gas and liquid. The success of this critical first step is essential for the quality of the final products.

Next, this superheated mixture is pumped into a tall fractional distillation tower. (21) __________ is where the main separation happens. As the hot vapor mixture rises inside the tower, it gradually cools. Substances with higher boiling points, like bitumen for roads, condense back into liquid at the hot bottom section. Lighter substances with lower boiling points continue to rise higher. Gasoline vapor, being very light, travels to the highest part of the tower before it condenses.

Engineers play a vital role in carefully monitoring the temperature differences within the tower. The temperature at each level (22) __________ be precisely controlled to isolate different fuels effectively. Once condensed, these separated liquids, or 'fractions', are channeled into different pipes for further processing. (23) __________ is this process complex, but it is also fundamental to our modern world, providing fuel for transportation and other industries.

Gasoline is just one of many products. Other fuels like diesel and jet fuel are also collected from the tower, but at different, lower levels where the temperature is still very hot. (24) __________, the refining of crude oil is a sophisticated process that uses heat to separate a raw mixture into many essential fuels that power our daily lives.

Movie posters are more than just advertisements; they are a specialized art form of graphic design, meticulously crafted to draw you into a film's world. In a single, powerful image, these visual masterpieces must communicate a movie's essence – its genre, its underlying mood, and a hint of its compelling story. Think of them as the film's first handshake, an invitation that aims to spark curiosity and build anticipation. Their primary goal is to convince, to intrigue, and ultimately, to make you want to experience the full cinematic journey.

How do they achieve this? Every element on a poster is carefully chosen. The imagery, often featuring key characters or iconic scenes, immediately sets the tone. Typography, the style of the text, also plays a crucial role; bold fonts might indicate action, while elegant script suggests romance. Even the color palette is strategic, with cool blues for mystery or warm reds for passion. Together, these elements orchestrate a silent pitch, efficiently conveying the film’s core identity and appeal.

This intricate art form is globally vital, especially for blockbusters in Vietnam. [I] For Vietnamese audiences, posters for popular series like Lý Hải’s 'Lật Mặt' (Face Off) are crucial marketing tools. [II] Long before these movies hit cinemas, their striking posters generate significant buzz across social media platforms. [III] Fans eagerly dissect every detail, speculating about plot twists and character dynamics hinted at in the visuals. [IV]

As a 14 or 15-year-old, you encounter movie posters constantly, whether at the cinema or on social media. Understanding the artistic choices and psychological techniques behind these designs empowers you to decode them. You recognize how specific colors evoke emotions, or how character positioning suggests relationships or conflict. This knowledge helps you appreciate the skill involved in grabbing your attention and influencing your perception, transforming a simple ad into a fascinating study of visual communication.

Ultimately, a movie poster is a masterclass in concise communication. It’s a snapshot encapsulating the entire cinematic experience, designed to leave a lasting impression and ignite desire. From Hollywood blockbusters to beloved Vietnamese series, these visual narratives are more than mere promotional materials; they are vital gateways to storytelling. They prove that even in our digital world, the power of a single, well-designed image remains incredibly effective at convincing us to step into the dark and immerse ourselves in another world.