Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-32

Deep beneath the Earth's surface, it is incredibly hot. This intense heat can melt rock, creating a thick, flowing substance called magma. This magma is stored in a huge underground pool known as a magma chamber. First, for an eruption to happen, this molten rock begins to move. Due to being lighter than the solid rock around it, the magma slowly (21) __________ towards the surface.

As the magma gets closer to the surface, dissolved gases within it, like water vapor and carbon dioxide, start to form bubbles. This process is similar to opening a can of soda. The formation of these bubbles causes the pressure inside the magma chamber and the channels leading to the surface to keep building higher and higher. This immense pressure builds up over time and acts like a powerful piston.

The solid rock above the magma chamber is a major obstacle. Therefore, the magma needs an incredible amount of force to find a way out. Geologists have explained that if the pressure became too great, the volcano (22) __________ almost certainly erupt. This force eventually becomes strong enough to crack the rock, creating a main pathway called a vent.

Finally, the moment of eruption arrives. If you (23) __________ witness this event from a safe distance, you would see a spectacular display of nature's power. Pushed by the intense pressure from below, the magma shoots up through the vent. When the magma erupts onto the surface, it is called lava. The volcano finally (24) __________ in a powerful explosion of ash, gas, and lava.

The lava can then flow out, sometimes slowly and other times very quickly, covering the land around the volcano. Over time, this cooled lava and ash build up to form the familiar cone shape of a volcano. Each eruption can change the landscape, creating new land and reminding us of the powerful geological forces at work inside our planet.

Ecotourism offers a unique approach to travel, actively contributing to the preservation of natural environments. Unlike conventional tourism, which can sometimes strain resources, ecotourism focuses on minimizing negative impacts while supporting conservation efforts. It encourages responsible interaction with wildlife and ecosystems, ensuring the natural beauty travelers seek is protected for future generations. This form of travel transforms exploration into an act of conservation, proving that tourism can indeed help nature.

At its core, ecotourism operates on principles of sustainability and community empowerment. Revenue generated often directly funds initiatives like habitat restoration, anti-poaching patrols, and scientific research. Crucially, it creates stable, sustainable jobs for local communities, reducing reliance on environmentally destructive practices. When locals benefit economically from protected areas, they gain a vested interest in safeguarding their natural heritage. [I] Responsible wildlife observation also ensures animal welfare and minimal disturbance.

Vietnam vividly illustrates ecotourism's positive impact. Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, a stunning UNESCO World Heritage site, exemplifies how managed tourism directly supports conservation. [II] Companies like Oxalis Adventure, known for their incredible cave expeditions, channel significant earnings into forest protection and park operations. [III] This synergy helps safeguard the park’s unique biodiversity. [IV]

For travelers, understanding ecotourism means making informed choices. It involves selecting tour operators committed to sustainable practices, respecting local cultures, and adhering to park guidelines. Choosing accommodations minimizing their environmental footprint, supporting local businesses, and avoiding activities that exploit wildlife are all part of responsible ecotourism. Every dollar spent and decision made in this context directly influences the well-being of the natural world and its communities. Your travel choices, therefore, hold significant power.

As young people, your role in this movement is particularly significant. When you plan a trip to a national park or coastal region, understanding ecotourism empowers you to choose activities that truly benefit the environment. It ensures the stunning landscapes, diverse wildlife, and vibrant cultures you wish to experience today will remain for your generation and those to come. By embracing ecotourism, you become a powerful advocate for nature, proving that thoughtful tourism can be a force for good.