Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-24

The wheel and axle is one of the six classical simple machines and a cornerstone of modern engineering. At its core, the design is straightforward: it consists of a large circular disc, the wheel, which is firmly attached to a smaller central rod called the axle. When one part turns, the other part turns with it. This simple combination is the basis for countless inventions that shape our world.

The primary purpose of a wheel and axle is to make work easier. One way it achieves this is by making the movement of heavy objects much easier. Imagine trying to drag a heavy box across the floor. Now, imagine putting that same box on a cart with wheels. The cart rolls smoothly because wheels reduce the resistance, or friction, between the object and the ground.

When the large wheel is turned, the narrower axle also (21) __________, but with greater force. This principle is perfectly demonstrated by a common doorknob. A small, gentle turn on the knob (the wheel) generates enough force in the axle to move the latch inside the door. Because of this, you (22) __________ open a heavy door with very little effort. This multiplication of force is a key advantage.

Examples of the wheel and axle are everywhere. From the wheels on a car to the swivel casters on an office chair, the system allows for smooth and efficient movement. The main goal is to reduce friction, allowing objects to roll instead of being scraped across a surface. Even a simple screwdriver works on this principle, where the handle is the wheel and the metal shaft is the axle.

The wheel's large circumference means it travels a greater distance than the axle in a single turn. This provides a mechanical advantage, making it a powerful tool. So critical is this invention that (23) __________ could we imagine our modern world without it. (24) __________, the wheel and axle is a simple but brilliant innovation that has been fundamental to human progress for thousands of years.

Virtual Reality (VR) often evokes images of thrilling video games. Yet, this technology extends far beyond leisure, emerging as an indispensable tool for professional training in high-stakes fields. VR’s ability to create realistic, interactive simulations is revolutionizing how we prepare for complex tasks. From intricate surgical procedures to mastering aircraft controls, VR is proving transformative, offering unparalleled skill development in safe, controlled environments. This immersive technology allows individuals to practice critical skills repeatedly, building confidence and competence before facing real-world challenges where precision and accuracy are paramount.

[I] In medicine, flawless performance is immense, making traditional training costly. VR offers a revolutionary solution, allowing aspiring doctors to practice delicate surgeries and complex diagnostic procedures without patient risk. Students can virtually dissect models, simulate emergency scenarios, or conduct microsurgeries, repeating steps until mastery. This safe, hands-on experience hones precision, decision-making skills, and spatial awareness, reducing errors when transitioning to real-world operations. It provides a unique opportunity to encounter rare conditions or complications in a controlled setting, preparing medical professionals for diverse situations.

[II] While flight simulators are crucial, VR provides an even more immersive and cost-effective experience. Pilots can virtually step into various cockpits, experiencing diverse weather conditions, engine failures, and emergencies too dangerous or impractical to replicate physically. They practice complex maneuvers, instrument readings, and critical decision-making under stress, ensuring preparedness before controlling an aircraft carrying hundreds of lives. This greatly enhances safety and reduces the financial burden of traditional flight hours.

This innovative VR application is not confined to global tech hubs; it's increasingly making its mark in countries like Vietnam. Recognizing VR’s immense potential for practical, risk-free training, leading institutions such as those affiliated with FPT University are actively integrating VR simulations into their curricula. [III] These efforts aim to equip future Vietnamese doctors, engineers, and pilots with cutting-edge skills through safe, repeatable environments mirroring real-world complexities. By embracing VR, Vietnam positions its next generation of professionals to meet global standards and excel.

So, while you might associate Virtual Reality primarily with games, it’s crucial to see its profound impact on life-saving professions. This "gaming" technology is becoming instrumental in preventing accidents and saving lives, from a surgeon practicing a heart operation to a pilot rehearsing an emergency landing. It demonstrates how innovations for entertainment can evolve into powerful tools with tangible, real-world benefits. [IV] Understanding these serious applications reveals VR as more than a playful gadget; it’s a technology shaping professional excellence and global safety.