Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-178

Lifting heavy objects has always been a common challenge in engineering and construction. Simple machines were invented to help humans overcome such difficulties. One of the most ingenious of these devices is the pulley, a tool designed to redirect or multiply force, making it possible to move weights that would otherwise be impossible for a single person to handle.

A simple pulley consists of a grooved wheel rotating around an axle. A rope runs along this groove. This setup allows you to change the direction of a force. For example, instead of pushing a heavy box up a ramp, you can pull down on a rope, which is often a more convenient motion for the human body. The system needs a fixed anchor point, a location (21) __________ the pulley can be securely attached.

While a single pulley is useful, the true power of this invention is revealed in compound systems. By adding more wheels to the system, the amount of force needed to lift an object is dramatically reduced. A system with two pulleys can make an object feel like it weighs half as much. Adding even more pulleys makes the task (22) __________ easier, although the mechanism becomes more complex.

Using a compound system is not without its trade-offs. Although the task becomes easier in terms of force, you must pull a greater length of rope. For example, if a system halves the required force, you must pull twice the amount of rope to lift the object one meter. There are many different configurations, but all of them follow this rule. This is a fundamental (23) __________ of physics known as the conservation of energy.

Today, engineers use these concepts to design massive cranes and elevators. These complex machines are essentially advanced pulley systems, allowing them to (24) __________ enormous force to lift steel beams, shipping containers, and other heavy materials. From simple flagpoles to complex construction equipment, the humble pulley remains an essential tool in our modern world.

Summer is often associated with relaxing getaways, but for many students, the warmer months now present a unique opportunity: summer abroad. These are not typical vacations; they are educational travel experiences designed to blend academic growth with cultural immersion. Whether attending a specialized summer camp, enrolling in an intensive language course, or participating in a study tour, the core idea is to learn while exploring a new environment. [I] This trend highlights a shift from purely leisure trips to purposeful journeys offering more than just memorable sightseeing.

The value of educational travel extends far beyond textbooks and lectures. Living in a foreign country, even for a few weeks, pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, fostering independence, adaptability, and problem-solving skills. Students practice a new language in real-world situations, interact with diverse backgrounds, and gain firsthand insights into different cultures. [II] This immersive approach helps develop a broader global perspective, enhancing academic understanding and crucial life skills for today's interconnected world.

For many students in Vietnam, the concept of a summer study tour abroad is becoming increasingly familiar. Major English language centers, like ILA and VUS, actively promote and organize comprehensive summer programs. Destinations such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Singapore are popular choices, providing structured environments where Vietnamese students can improve English, experience foreign academic systems, and build international friendships. [III] These programs serve as vital bridges to global opportunities.

Considering a summer abroad trip is a significant decision and a considerable investment for your parents. It’s more than an extended holiday; it’s a substantial opportunity for personal and intellectual growth. To truly maximize its benefits, actively engage in every aspect – participate in classes, join activities, and seek out local experiences. Ask questions, converse with native speakers, and reflect on discoveries. Approaching the trip with a learning mindset ensures maximum returns.

Ultimately, a summer abroad experience can be a transformative chapter in a young person's life. It's an investment paying dividends long after suitcases are unpacked. The confidence gained from navigating unfamiliar situations, fluency in a new language, and a broadened worldview acquired through cultural immersion are invaluable assets. [IV] It truly offers far more than just a summer vacation.