Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-170

The microwave oven is a common appliance found (21) __________ many modern kitchens, valued for its speed and convenience. Unlike a conventional oven, which heats food from the outside in using thermal radiation, a microwave uses a unique scientific process. It cooks food by using a specific type of electromagnetic wave, similar to radio waves but with a much higher frequency. This method allows for incredibly fast cooking times, making it a favorite for busy families.

The heart of a microwave oven is a device called a magnetron. This special tube is what generates the microwaves. When you turn the oven on, the magnetron takes electrical energy from the power outlet and converts it into high-frequency microwaves. These waves are are then directed into the main food compartment through a component called a waveguide. The metal walls of the oven's interior reflect these waves, ensuring they are contained inside the cooking chamber and distributed throughout.

When these microwaves come into contact with food, they do not simply heat the surface. Instead, they pass through the food and primarily interact with the water molecules present within it. Most foods, from vegetables to meat, contain a significant amount of water. The energy from the microwaves causes these tiny water molecules to (22) __________ very rapidly, changing their orientation millions of times per second. This rapid movement is the key to the entire cooking process.

The vibration of the water molecules creates friction between them. This friction, in turn, generates heat, which cooks the food from the inside out. This is why foods with high water content, like fresh vegetables, often cook faster than drier foods. (23) __________, the distribution of water in the food affects how evenly it cooks. This is also why some parts of your meal might be hot while others remain cool, which is why many microwaveable meals recommend stirring midway through cooking.

It is also important to understand why certain materials should never be put inside a microwave. Metal, for example, reflects microwaves instead of letting them pass through. This can (24) __________ sparks and potentially damage the oven. Certain plastics are not microwave-safe because they can melt or release harmful chemicals into the food. By understanding this simple process, users can use their microwave ovens more effectively and safely.

Everywhere we look, from glossy magazines to social media, a blueprint for "beautiful" exists. Global media and the multi-billion-dollar beauty industry promote a narrow set of standards, creating immense pressure to conform. This constant barrage of images raises a fundamental question: are we all unconsciously chasing the same elusive look, feeling compelled to fit a mold rather than celebrating our unique selves? [I]

[II] For teenagers, this pressure can feel particularly intense. As you navigate forming your own identity and sense of style, you're constantly exposed to external messages from celebrities, influencers, and advertisements. This contributes to a powerful narrative about what’s desirable, leading to questions about your own appearance. The desire to fit in and be accepted by peers can heavily influence your choices, sometimes pushing you towards looks that might not genuinely reflect your authentic self, or even compromise your well-being. [III]

In Vietnam, this global trend has a particularly strong local flavor, significantly influenced by the immense popularity of Korean culture. K-pop idols and K-drama stars are significant trendsetters, establishing beauty ideals that resonate deeply with young Vietnamese people. Concepts like "glass skin"—a complexion so clear and radiant it appears translucent—are widely aspired to. Specific makeup styles, often natural yet meticulously applied, are replicated across the country, with brands like Innisfree becoming household names in pursuit of these desired looks.

[IV] The pursuit of these specific ideals isn't without consequences. Teenagers might find themselves spending significant time and money on products or treatments designed to achieve an externally imposed look. This constant striving for an "ideal" can lead to self-doubt, anxiety, and a diminished sense of self-worth if expectations aren't met. When everyone seems to be chasing the same poreless skin, perfect nose, or specific lip shape, it creates an exhausting cycle where individuality is overlooked, making true beauty feel like an unattainable standard.

It’s crucial to remember that beauty is diverse and personal, not a monolithic standard dictated by trends or industries. As you develop your own sense of self, take a moment to critically evaluate where your ideas about beauty truly come from. Challenge the notion that there's only one "perfect" way to look. Embrace your unique features and celebrate what makes you distinct. Ultimately, confidence and self-acceptance are the most powerful forms of beauty. What does "beautiful" truly mean to you, beyond external pressures?