Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-158

A cantilever is a structural beam (21) __________ is supported at only one end. This unique characteristic allows it to project horizontally into space without any vertical support at its free end. The fixed end, where it connects to a main structure like a wall, must be extremely rigid to provide all the necessary stability for the entire beam. This simple idea is a cornerstone of modern construction and design.

The core principle of a cantilever is that this single point of support must counteract all forces acting upon it. This fixed connection resists both the downward pressure from gravity and the upward bending force that occurs along the beam's length. Engineers must calculate these forces very carefully to ensure the structure is safe and does not fail under pressure.

We see cantilevers in many places. A common example is a balcony (22) __________ to the side of a building. It provides outdoor space without needing columns underneath. (23) __________, airplane wings are excellent examples; they are fixed to the plane's body at one end and must support the entire aircraft during flight.

The success of any cantilever design depends on its ability to handle different forces. This includes the beam's own weight and any additional weight placed on it, such as cars on a bridge or snow on a roof. This combined weight is known as the structural load. The materials used must therefore be selected for their exceptional strength.

In conclusion, the cantilever is a fundamental concept in engineering. Though it appears simple, its application requires precise calculations to ensure safety. Its ability to create long, unsupported spans makes it an essential tool for architects, allowing for (24) __________ creative and functional designs in everything from skyscrapers and bridges to something as simple as a bookshelf.

Have you ever looked at someone who effortlessly sketches amazing art or invents a brilliant solution and thought, “They’re just born creative”? It's a common belief that creativity is an innate gift, something you either have or you don't. However, this perspective might be limiting. What if creativity isn't solely about artistic talent, but a vital skill for navigating the world, and more importantly, what if it’s something everyone can develop? This idea invites us to rethink how we learn and grow.

Indeed, the world is increasingly recognizing creativity not as a luxury, but a necessity. The World Economic Forum consistently ranks creativity among the top skills essential for future jobs. This global outlook is pushing educators worldwide to move beyond rote memorization, which often prioritizes recall. Instead, there's a growing emphasis on teaching "thinking outside the box" – encouraging students to generate novel ideas, approach problems from unique angles, and adapt to rapidly changing environments. [I]

This shift holds particular resonance in places like Vietnam. [II] While Vietnamese students are renowned for their diligence and deep understanding, evident in their impressive performance at International Science Olympiads, their success often hinges on more than vast knowledge. These elite competitions present complex, unseen problems that demand creative approaches. Students must not only recall formulas but also invent new strategies, combine disparate concepts, or visualize solutions unconventionally. It’s a testament to how creative problem-solving complements and amplifies foundational academic excellence.

So, can creativity truly be taught? Yes, it can. [III] While some individuals may have a natural inclination, creativity is fundamentally a skill, much like playing a musical instrument or excelling in a sport. It can be cultivated through deliberate practice and specific techniques. This includes exercises like brainstorming without judgment, learning to observe details others miss, connecting seemingly unrelated ideas, and actively challenging assumptions. By engaging in divergent thinking and exploring multiple solutions rather than just one "right" answer, individuals can strengthen their creative muscles over time.

Ultimately, recognizing creativity as a teachable skill is highly empowering for young people. [IV] It means that whether you see yourself as "artistic" or "analytical," you possess the capacity to innovate. Embrace opportunities to ask "what if?", to experiment, and to view obstacles as chances for ingenious solutions. As you navigate your studies and plan for the future, remember that developing your creative thinking will be an invaluable asset, enabling you to not just adapt to the world, but to shape it.