Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-156

Many people enjoy listening to music or podcasts on the go, but unwanted background noise from traffic, crowds, or airplanes can ruin the experience. Noise-cancelling headphones offer a high-tech solution to this common problem. Unlike traditional headphones that simply use thick padding to block sound, these advanced devices use a clever process called Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) to create a zone of silence for the listener.

So, how do they achieve this? The magic begins with a process that is counter-intuitive. It works by first (21) __________ to the sounds around you using a tiny (22) __________ built into the earcups. This microphone's job is to detect the pattern of the external, unwanted sound waves before they reach your ears. The headphones are not just blocking noise; they are actively fighting it with more sound.

Once the microphone captures the outside noise, the headphone's internal electronics instantly analyze it. This tiny computer chip figures out the exact shape of the sound wave, including its frequency and amplitude. It then generates a brand new sound wave that is a perfect mirror image, or opposite, of the original one. This new wave is often called 'anti-noise'. This whole process happens in a fraction of a second.

(23) __________, when the original noise wave and the newly created anti-noise wave meet inside the headphone cup, they cancel each other out in a phenomenon known as destructive interference. This process effectively helps to cut out constant background noise, leaving you with either silence or a much clearer audio experience. The result is that the annoying drone of a plane engine seems to disappear.

However, it is important to understand that not all noise can be removed. The technology is most effective against the constant, low-frequency sound of a jet engine or air conditioner. A technology journalist once wrote that the science (24) __________ simple but the engineering was complex. In a nutshell, these headphones create a personal bubble of quiet. If you were trying to block out sudden noises like a dog barking, traditional earplugs might still be a better choice.

The digital age has transformed nearly every aspect of our lives, from how we communicate to how industries operate. At its core lies coding, the language that powers our modern world. [I] Consequently, a global discussion is unfolding: should learning to program become as fundamental as reading and writing for every student? Countries worldwide are integrating computational thinking and coding into their national curriculums, recognizing it as a crucial literacy for the 21st century, essential for future success and participation in an ever-evolving society.

Many might initially think coding is exclusively for future software engineers or tech gurus. [II] Learning to program fundamentally hones vital cognitive skills applicable to any field. It teaches logical reasoning, breaking down complex problems into manageable steps, and fostering precise, systematic thinking. From debugging lines of code to identifying errors in an essay, the problem-solving mindset cultivated through coding is invaluable. It encourages creativity, resilience, and a deeper understanding of how the digital world around us truly functions.

Nowhere is this shift more evident than in dynamic economies like Vietnam. [III] The nation's tech industry is experiencing explosive growth, positioning Vietnam as a significant player on the global digital stage. Major employers such as FPT Software are continuously seeking skilled programmers, while the emergence of coding bootcamps like CoderSchool further highlights the immense demand for competent tech talent. This vibrant ecosystem means that young Vietnamese students with programming abilities will find themselves exceptionally well-positioned for diverse career opportunities, not just within tech but across all industries increasingly reliant on digital solutions.

While not every student will pursue a career as a developer, the foundational skills gained from coding are universally beneficial. It’s less about becoming a coding expert and more about developing computational literacy – understanding algorithms, data, and the logic that underpins digital tools. [IV] This equips individuals to navigate a tech-driven world more effectively, regardless of their chosen profession. Concerns about complexity or access can be addressed through engaging, age-appropriate curricula that introduce concepts gradually, making programming an accessible and enjoyable learning experience for all.

In conclusion, the argument for incorporating programming into every student's education is compelling. Beyond immediate career opportunities in a booming tech landscape, especially in Vietnam, learning to code instills essential life skills: critical thinking, complex problem-solving, and adaptability. These abilities are crucial for navigating a rapidly changing future. For 14-15 year olds, embracing coding basics now means opening doors to new ways of thinking and preparing for a future where digital literacy will be as vital as traditional subjects, empowering them in any path they choose.