Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-148

The human eye is an incredible biological camera, more complex than any technology. It allows us to see our world in vibrant detail. The process begins when light reflects off objects—like a book or a tree—and travels towards our eyes. This journey of light is the first essential step in the process of vision.

When light enters the eye, it first passes through the pupil, the central black dot which controls the amount of light getting in. After the pupil, the light reaches the lens. The lens then (21) __________ this light, bending it to create a sharp image, much like a camera lens focusing on a subject before taking a picture.

This focused image is projected onto the retina, a layer of special cells at the back of the eye. Interestingly, the image that forms on the retina is actually upside down. Therefore, the brain has an important job to do. It is up to the brain to interpret this upside-down information and turn it the right way up so it makes sense.

The retina converts light patterns into electrical signals, sending them along the optic nerve to the brain. The brain receives these signals and must then (22) __________ this complex information. A scientist once explained that the brain (23) __________ the real organ of sight, not the eye. This interpretation is so fast that we are unaware the image was ever inverted.

Vision is truly a partnership. If our brains didn't process this information correctly, we would see a confusing, upside-down world. The eye gathers the light, but the brain creates our perception. Understanding this may seem difficult, but it's not rocket (24) __________.

The futuristic concept of self-driving vehicles is rapidly moving from science fiction to reality. Across the globe, leading technology companies and automotive manufacturers are investing billions into developing cars capable of navigating roads completely on their own. This ambitious undertaking aims to fundamentally redefine transportation, promising a future where daily commutes are transformed. Imagine stepping into a car that, with a simple destination input, expertly handles all the complexities of the journey. This vision represents a pinnacle of artificial intelligence and engineering innovation.

Achieving full autonomy presents immense technical hurdles. [I] These intelligent systems must analyze vast real-time data, identify obstacles, predict human behavior, and make instantaneous decisions, often in highly dynamic situations. [II] The concept of a vehicle that eliminates driving stress and prioritizes safety is particularly intriguing, raising questions about our readiness to trust a robotic chauffeur. [III]

Consider this groundbreaking technology navigating Ho Chi Minh City’s unique and often chaotic traffic. [IV] For 14-15 year olds, the daily commute through HCMC’s vibrant, unpredictable streets is a familiar experience. Would you truly trust a robot to expertly weave through a bustling intersection during rush hour, anticipating sudden lane changes or reacting instantly to a pedestrian’s unexpected movement? This dynamic, unscripted environment contrasts sharply with controlled test conditions abroad, making autonomous navigation here exceptionally complex.

Remarkably, Vietnamese companies are already tackling this formidable challenge. Vingroup, through its VinFast automotive brand, has been actively researching and developing autonomous driving features for its vehicles. Their goal is ambitious: to achieve Level 3 or 4 autonomy, meaning the car can handle most driving tasks with minimal or no human intervention, even in complex scenarios. Testing these sophisticated systems amidst Vietnam's challenging traffic conditions demonstrates a commitment to innovating within this cutting-edge field.

The future of transportation is poised for a dramatic transformation, with self-driving vehicles at its forefront. For young people, the question isn't just "when," but "how will this change my daily life?" Will robot drivers eventually become a trusted norm on Vietnamese roads, turning chaotic commutes into stress-free journeys? The engineering challenge of making this a reality, especially in dynamic environments like HCMC, is immense. The journey towards this future is complex, yet incredibly exciting, promising to redefine how we move.