Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-145

A drought is a natural event defined as a prolonged period with little or no precipitation. When an area experiences less rainfall than is normal for a long time, often over months or even years, it can lead to a severe (21) __________ of water. This hydrological imbalance affects everything from the rivers we see to the groundwater hidden beneath our feet, making it one of the most impactful, yet slow-moving, natural disasters.

The primary cause of any drought is a lack of rain or snow over an extended period. This usually occurs because of changes in weather patterns that prevent moisture-rich air from reaching a particular region. A prolonged lack of rain can cause serious problems for the environment and for people who depend on a steady supply of water for their daily lives and economic activities.

The consequences of a drought are wide-ranging. Droughts can severely affect agriculture, which is often the first sector to feel the impact. For farmers, not enough water means their crops wither and die. This is why the agricultural impact is often the (22) __________ immediately noticeable consequence, creating visible challenges for food production and the livelihoods of farming communities.

When farms fail, food can become scarce and more expensive. (23) __________ leads to significant economic problems for the region and can affect national food security. Without water, crops simply can not grow, and livestock may not have enough to drink or eat. The damage extends beyond farms. Not only do natural ecosystems suffer as rivers dry up, but (24) __________ does the local economy, which might rely on industries that need water.

In conclusion, understanding the causes and effects of droughts is crucial for every community. By recognizing the signs and planning ahead, governments and individuals can develop strategies to conserve water and lessen the impact of these challenging hydrological events. Preparedness is key to navigating the difficulties that droughts present to our world.

In a world constantly pushing us to acquire more, a silent battle brews between two philosophies: materialism and minimalism. For decades, society largely assumed accumulating possessions led to happiness and success. [I] From the clothes we wear to the gadgets we own, there’s an unspoken pressure to keep up with trends and expand our personal collections. However, a growing global movement suggests true contentment might actually lie in possessing less, not more. This alternative path, minimalism, is gaining traction as a profound reaction to pervasive consumerism, urging a re-evaluation of what genuinely enriches our lives.

The allure of materialism is powerful, often promising convenience, status, and joy. [II] For young people, this creates immense pressure to conform, feeling left out if they don't possess the latest must-have item. Yet, this endless cycle of buying often leads to more than clutter; it can result in financial strain, increased stress managing possessions, and a nagging feeling that happiness is always just one more purchase away.

Emerging as a compelling counter-narrative, minimalism advocates living with only essential items, consciously decluttering not just physical spaces but also mental burdens. It’s about intentionality – choosing to invest in experiences, relationships, and personal growth rather than material goods. Proponents argue that shedding unnecessary possessions frees up time, money, and mental energy. This liberation allows them to focus on what truly matters, leading to a less stressful, more organized, and ultimately, a more meaningful existence that prioritizes well-being over acquisition.

This global shift resonates uniquely within Vietnam. As the economy robustly grows, modern shopping centers like Aeon Mall symbolize a burgeoning consumer culture, brimming with international brands and enticing goods. [III] The desire for branded items, reflecting a globalized lifestyle, coexists with a rising curiosity about minimalist principles. Young Vietnamese are increasingly exposed to both consumerism's glitzy appeal and minimalism's tranquil simplicity through social media and international trends, creating a fascinating cultural juxtaposition of aspirations in modern society.

So, does owning more stuff truly lead to more happiness? For a 14 or 15-year-old navigating a world saturated with commercial messages, this question is highly relevant. [IV] While the urge to buy the latest phone or fashion item is understandable, exploring minimalism offers an alternative. It invites you to consider whether less can truly be more – more freedom from debt, more time for hobbies, more focus on genuine connections, and ultimately, a greater sense of peace and contentment. This personal choice could redefine your relationship with the world around you.