Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-139

When you look up at the night sky, you can see countless stars. A constellation is a group of stars that appears to form a pattern, often named after an animal, a mythological figure, or an object. These patterns are not real connections in space, but are a product of human imagination. For centuries, people have looked at the stars and connected the dots to create images in the sky.

Constellations were incredibly important to (21) __________ civilizations. For agriculture, they were used to mark the changing seasons, signaling when to plant crops or prepare for harvest. (22) __________ was a critical function that helped societies to survive and develop. Furthermore, sailors on long sea voyages used constellations for navigation, helping them find their way across vast, featureless oceans.

In reality, the stars in a constellation are not physically related. Not only are they usually enormous distances apart from one another, but they are also moving in different directions. A star might seem to be the brightest in its group simply because it is much closer to Earth, not because it is bigger or more powerful than its neighbours.

The reason we see patterns is that humans are naturally good at trying to make connections and find familiar shapes in random arrangements. From our perspective on Earth, certain stars line up to create these memorable figures. Depending on the time of year and your location, you (23) __________ see different constellations like Orion the Hunter or Ursa Major, the Great Bear.

(24) __________, constellations are a fascinating mix of science and storytelling. They are maps of the sky created by our ancestors that served practical purposes, and they continue to inspire wonder and curiosity in astronomers and stargazers today. They remind us that the universe is not only vast but also a canvas for our own creativity.

In today’s hyper-connected world, messaging friends is a constant part of daily life. From sharing memes to coordinating plans, digital communication forms the backbone of most interactions. However, this instant convenience brings new unwritten rules, especially concerning the "seen" receipt. [I] This simple feature profoundly alters how we perceive responsiveness, underlining the need to navigate evolving digital norms for healthy friendships.

Digital communication, or "netiquette," operates on its own unique code of conduct. Unlike face-to-face conversations with immediate cues, online interactions heavily rely on features like "read receipts" to signal engagement. [II] Globally, this function creates a peculiar social pressure. Once your message shows as "seen," an unspoken expectation often arises for a quick reply or acknowledgement. The absence of an immediate response can lead to internal questions like, "Are they ignoring me?" or "Did I say something wrong?" This subtle pressure frequently triggers unnecessary anxiety.

This phenomenon resonates strongly in Vietnam, where popular apps like Zalo and Messenger prominently display the "Đã xem" (Seen) notification. [III] For many, seeing "Đã xem" without an accompanying reply can quickly lead to misunderstandings among friends and even family. The expectation of immediate acknowledgment is high, and a delayed response might be misconstrued as disinterest or annoyance. This cultural nuance amplifies the pressure, turning a simple notification into a potential source of strained relationships if not properly understood.

As a 14-15 year old, these unwritten rules directly impact your friendships. Seeing "Đã xem" and not getting a reply can spark frustration, leading to unnecessary arguments. [IV] You might assume your friend is ignoring you, but many innocent reasons exist for a delay. Perhaps they’re busy, thinking of a thoughtful response, their phone isn’t nearby, or they’re simply taking a screen break. Understanding these varied communication styles and giving friends the benefit of the doubt is crucial for maintaining strong bonds.

So, how do you navigate this digital minefield? First, try openly communicating expectations with your closest friends; perhaps agree that "seen" doesn’t always demand an instant reply. Second, practice understanding. Just because a message is seen doesn't mean it's been processed, or that the person has time for a full response. True friendship isn't measured by reply speed, but by trust and mutual respect. By being more patient and less quick to judge, you can ensure digital communication enhances, rather than hinders, your most important relationships.