Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-135

Often called Earth's 'twin', Venus is the second planet from the Sun and our closest planetary neighbor. This comparison exists because Venus and Earth are very similar in size, mass, and composition. For anyone looking from a great distance, it would be easy to mistake one for the other. Its physical properties are so similar to Earth's that for many years, people imagined it might even host life.

(21) __________, a closer look reveals that Venus is dramatically different from our world. Its atmosphere is the most significant point of contrast. It is a thick, toxic blanket of gas that is about 96% carbon dioxide. This atmosphere is also extremely (22) __________, with a surface pressure more than 90 times greater than Earth's. The planet is permanently covered by clouds of sulfuric acid, which reflect sunlight and make Venus appear bright in our sky.

Beneath these clouds, the surface of Venus is a hostile, volcanic landscape. It is the hottest planet in our solar system, with an average surface temperature of about 465°C, which is hot enough to melt lead. The immense atmospheric pressure on the surface is equivalent to being 900 meters deep in Earth's ocean. This pressure would instantly crush any spacecraft that was not specially designed to withstand it.

The main reason for this extreme difference is Venus's runaway greenhouse (23) __________. The planet's dense atmosphere allows heat from the sun to pass through, (24) __________ then gets trapped at the surface. Unlike Earth, which has oceans and plant life to absorb carbon dioxide, Venus has no such process. This has led to a cycle where the planet gets hotter and hotter over billions of years.

In conclusion, while Venus shares some basic physical statistics with Earth, it is a very unwelcoming place. The extreme conditions make it incredibly challenging to study directly. For this reason, very few missions have successfully landed and operated on its surface. Although it is considered our 'twin' in some ways, Venus serves as a powerful reminder of how delicate and unique our own planet's environment truly is.

Reality television captivates audiences worldwide, offering a seemingly unscripted glimpse into ordinary lives. From competitive talent shows to dramatic relationship series, the genre thrives on unexpected twists and emotional confrontations. This popularity, however, is often shadowed by a persistent question: how much is truly spontaneous, and how much is meticulously crafted for entertainment? The line between genuine reality and constructed drama has blurred, prompting viewers globally to ponder their favorite shows' authenticity. [I]

Producers of reality TV are masters of storytelling, even without a script. They employ various techniques to create compelling narratives. [II] This often involves strategic casting, pairing individuals likely to clash or bond intensely. Extensive editing transforms hours of raw footage into dramatic storylines, amplifying reactions. Participants might also be subtly prompted with questions or scenarios designed to elicit strong emotions, pushing them towards confrontations or confessions that appear organic but are guided. These interventions are critical for shaping the narrative flow and ensuring viewer engagement.

This authenticity debate resonates strongly with Vietnamese viewers, particularly concerning popular shows like 'Người Ấy Là Ai?' (Who is Single?). This hit show, known for its emotional confessions and dramatic reveals, frequently sparks fervent discussions on social media. Many viewers, while entertained, express skepticism about whether tearful testimonies, sudden declarations of love, or shocking betrayals are entirely genuine or manufactured. The intense emotional arcs often seem almost too perfect, leading audiences to question the true spontaneity of moments presented on screen. [III]

The primary reason for this theatrical manipulation is simple: entertainment sells. Producers understand compelling drama translates directly into higher ratings and revenue. While reality TV aims to capture unfiltered life, commercial imperatives often necessitate intervention. Not every moment is fabricated; genuine emotions do occur. However, these raw moments are frequently amplified, recontextualized, or placed into pre-determined narrative arcs to maximize their dramatic effect, keeping audiences hooked. This careful curation ensures consistent viewership and advertiser interest. [IV]

For young viewers, especially those aged 14-15 who discuss these shows, understanding the mechanics behind reality TV is crucial. Recognizing that what appears on screen is a carefully curated product, not a raw slice of life, empowers them to become critical media consumers. This awareness fosters healthy skepticism, encouraging them to question narratives, analyze editing, and appreciate how entertainment is constructed. By peeling back the layers of "reality," they gain valuable media literacy, learning to distinguish between genuine human experience and performances for the camera.