Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-133

Have you ever wondered how your smartphone or smart speaker understands your voice commands? Digital assistants like Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant make modern life more convenient. These AI-powered helpers seem to perform complex tasks with ease, from setting an alarm to answering a difficult question. However, behind this simple interaction is a sophisticated process that allows machines to recognize and respond to human speech. The journey from a spoken command to a completed action involves several crucial steps.

The process begins with listening. First, the device is always listening for a specific wake word, like 'Hey Siri' or 'Alexa'. This trigger phrase is stored locally on the device for privacy and speed. Only after it recognizes this trigger (21) __________ it begin recording your command. This recording is then immediately compressed and prepared for the next stage. This initial listening phase is vital for the assistant to know precisely when to pay attention.

Next, the recorded audio is sent to a powerful server, where it is converted into text. This is a process known as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). The ASR system breaks your speech down into smaller sound units, called phonemes, and uses complex algorithms to match them to words. The AI must then analyze the text for its intended meaning. It doesn't just see words; it tries to understand the user's goal or intent.

Then, the assistant’s AI searches vast databases to find the (22) __________ relevant answer or action. This step is called Natural Language Processing (NLP). The AI analyzes the grammar and context to determine what you are asking for. For a task like playing a song, the AI (23) __________ identify the song title and artist and then command another application to play it. For a question, it will find and formulate a concise answer.

Finally, the assistant delivers the response. This is usually done by converting the text answer back into spoken words using a synthesized voice, or by simply performing the requested action. (24) __________, what feels like a simple conversation is actually a high-speed technological process involving listening, converting, and processing data almost instantly.

Living in a tropical climate means constantly battling heat and humidity. You know the feeling: stepping outside and instantly wishing your clothes offered more relief than traditional cotton or polyester. [I] But what if science could offer a revolutionary solution? Imagine clothes that actively cool you down, fabrics engineered not just for lightness, but to combat the heat itself. This isn't science fiction; material scientists are now designing "smart textiles" with incredible properties, paving the way for a future where staying cool is as simple as getting dressed.

Globally, material science is buzzing with innovation, pushing the boundaries of what clothing can do. These developments are giving rise to "smart textiles" or performance fabrics. [II] Unlike traditional materials, they're designed with specific functionalities. Think fabrics that can regulate your body temperature, wick away sweat faster, or even offer built-in sun protection. Researchers experiment with unique fiber structures, advanced weaving, and special coatings to imbue textiles with "intelligent" properties, transforming garments into active agents for our comfort.

So, how exactly do these cutting-edge cooling fabrics work? The science varies, but common strategies involve enhancing moisture management and airflow. Some materials use microscopic channels or unique fiber cross-sections to pull sweat away, spreading it for quicker evaporation – a natural cooling process. Others are designed with highly breathable weaves or include conductive elements that dissipate heat. There are even fabrics that reflect infrared radiation, preventing heat absorption from sunlight and keeping you noticeably cooler. [III]

While high-tech fabrics might still feel niche, Vietnamese textile companies are increasingly innovating to compete globally and meet local demands. Brands like Coolmate, for instance, gained popularity championing tech-enhanced materials for everyday basics. Understanding hot climates, they offer comfortable clothing leveraging modern material science. Their success shows a growing appetite for clothing beyond basic comfort, demonstrating how local businesses adapt global advancements to suit the unique needs of consumers in Southeast Asia. [IV]

The exciting prospect is that these advancements are becoming more accessible, moving beyond athletic wear into everyday fashion. For someone in a hot and humid environment, this means a future where your wardrobe isn't just about style, but active comfort. You won't be limited to cotton and polyester, but will have diverse, science-backed options designed to keep you feeling fresh and cool, no matter the heat. Material science is transforming our relationship with clothing, making daily life in hot climates significantly more comfortable.