Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-126

El Niño is a natural climate phenomenon that (21) __________ in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Its name, which is Spanish for 'the little boy', refers to a pattern of unusual warming of the surface water. This event does not happen every year, but it appears irregularly, usually every two to seven years.

Under normal conditions, strong winds called 'trade winds' blow from east to west across the Pacific. These winds push the warm surface water towards Asia and Australia. As a result, a large area of warm water gathers off the coasts of Indonesia and the Philippines, while cooler water rises to the surface near South America. Scientists (22) __________ close attention to these patterns to predict climate changes.

During an El Niño event, this entire pattern changes. However, the trade winds weaken or even reverse direction. Without the strong winds pushing it west, the large mass of warm water begins to shift eastward, back across the Pacific towards South America. This shift is the core of the El Niño event, (23) __________ in turn changes weather patterns around the globe.

The consequences of this shift are significant. The warm water off the coast of South America releases more heat into the atmosphere, causing unusually (24) __________ rainfall and flooding in countries like Peru and Ecuador. At the same time, other parts of the world, such as Australia and Indonesia, experience severe droughts and a higher risk of wildfires because the source of their usual rainfall has moved away.

In conclusion, El Niño is a powerful demonstration of how our planet's systems are connected. Although it is a temporary and natural cycle, its ability to affect the climate on a global scale is immense. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for preparing for its wide-ranging impacts on agriculture, water supplies, and ecosystems worldwide.

The target of walking 10,000 steps daily has become a globally recognized benchmark for physical fitness. Fueled by fitness trackers and health organizations, this goal transformed how many view daily activity. [I] It proposes an accessible yet tangible objective for improving health, often sparking questions about whether this simple act of walking is truly sufficient for comprehensive well-being. This popular challenge encourages consistent movement, prompting individuals worldwide to be more mindful of their step count.

While the 10,000-step challenge seems modest, its benefits are substantial. Regular walking improves cardiovascular health, boosts mood, and helps manage weight, requiring no specialized equipment. [II] For many, this target represents a fundamental level of daily activity. [III] However, for intense athletic goals or muscle building, walking alone may need supplementation with other forms of exercise. [IV] It's a highly effective way to integrate physical activity into busy lives.

In Vietnam, the emphasis on walking resonates deeply with daily life and culture. Public spaces, like the Hoan Kiem Lake walking street in Hanoi, encourage pedestrian activity, making movement integral to the urban landscape. People of all ages engage in walks and light exercises in community parks, highlighting a collective appreciation for fitness. This existing infrastructure means adopting a 10,000-step goal isn't a radical shift, but an enhancement of established healthy habits that are already part of the community's rhythm.

For teenagers, particularly those aged 14-15, the 10,000-step challenge holds significant relevance. You already walk extensively every day—to school, between classes, and around your home. Thinking about these steps not just as transportation but as deliberate exercise can be a powerful reframing. Tracking your steps, perhaps with a phone app, is an incredibly easy, free, and non-intimidating way to boost your health. It offers a tangible goal fitting seamlessly into your routine, building healthy future habits.

Ultimately, whether 10,000 steps is "enough" depends on individual fitness goals, but it represents a significant stride towards a more active lifestyle. It's a fantastic starting point for anyone aiming to improve their health without feeling overwhelmed. While it may not replace high-intensity workouts for elite athletes, consistent daily walking offers remarkable benefits for general well-being. Embracing this simple yet effective challenge empowers you to take control of your physical fitness, proving that sometimes, the most effective exercises integrate into everyday life.