Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-114

Modern health technology has made everyday medical devices safer and more convenient than ever before. A perfect example is the digital thermometer, now common in homes and hospitals. Unlike older glass thermometers that used mercury, today's electronic versions provide a fast reading without the risk of toxic materials. They are generally more accurate and easier to read, thanks to their clear digital screens. The technology inside these devices is surprisingly straightforward, centered around a special electronic component.

At the heart of every digital thermometer is a sensor called a thermistor. The name comes from a combination of the words 'thermal' and 'resistor'. A thermistor is a type of resistor whose electrical resistance changes significantly with temperature. The entire function of the thermometer (21) __________ this predictable relationship. The material used to make the thermistor is a special semiconductor, engineered to be highly sensitive to even small fluctuations in heat.

When you place the tip of the thermometer under your tongue or arm, the heat from your body transfers to the thermistor. As the thermistor's temperature rises, its electrical resistance decreases, (22) __________ then alters the flow of electricity through it. A tiny computer inside the device, called a microcontroller, constantly monitors this electrical resistance. Once the resistance stops changing, the microcontroller knows that the sensor has reached the same temperature as the body, and it (23) __________ then calculate the final reading.

The microcontroller does not directly measure temperature. Instead, it measures the electrical resistance and then uses a pre-programmed mathematical formula to convert that resistance value into a temperature reading, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit. To do this accurately, the microcontroller must perform a calculation based on the thermistor's known properties. Scarcely does the process take more than a minute. The final calculated temperature is then sent to a small liquid-crystal display (LCD), which shows the numbers we can easily read.

(24) __________, the digital thermometer works by translating a physical property—heat—into an electrical signal, which is then converted into a digital number. This clever, multi-step process is what allows for the fast, safe, and accurate temperature measurements that are so important for monitoring our health. It’s a simple but brilliant piece of everyday health technology.

The dream of studying abroad, earning a degree from a prestigious international university, appeals to millions globally. It offers unique life experiences, diverse teaching styles, and a gateway to a global job market. [I] However, for young teens and their families, a crucial question arises: is an overseas degree truly worth the significant financial and personal investment?

A primary advantage of studying overseas is exposure to diverse academic environments. Students encounter new teaching methods, often emphasizing critical thinking and independent research. Immersion in a foreign language and culture fosters adaptability and a broader worldview. This global perspective is invaluable, preparing individuals for an interconnected world. [II] Additionally, networking with peers and faculty from various backgrounds opens doors to future collaborations and enriching insights, enhancing the entire educational journey.

Beyond the classroom, an international degree significantly enhances career prospects. Employers often value the adaptability, problem-solving, and cross-cultural communication skills developed abroad. Graduates gain access to a global job market, potentially securing positions unavailable domestically. For Vietnamese students, a degree from an internationally recognized institution can confer a competitive edge and prestige upon their return, or enable them to pursue professional careers abroad. [III] This holistic development, including increased independence, contributes to long-term success.

However, the "worth" of this investment must be carefully weighed against its substantial costs. Tuition fees alone run into tens of thousands of dollars annually, compounded by living expenses like accommodation, food, and transport in often expensive cities. Families must also consider visa fees, health insurance, and travel. Beyond finances, students may face homesickness, cultural adjustment, and intense academic rigor in a foreign language. It's a significant commitment demanding careful financial planning and emotional preparedness. [IV]

Ultimately, deciding if an overseas degree is worth the investment is a highly personal and family decision. For a 14 or 15-year-old contemplating university options, understanding these pros, cons, and associated costs now is crucial. While benefits like global experience, enhanced career opportunities, and profound personal growth are immense, they come with substantial financial and emotional commitments. Thorough research, honest discussions about family resources, and clear individual goals will empower students to make an informed choice about their future.