Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-111

At the vast, distant edge of our solar system lies a mysterious region known as the Oort Cloud. It is not a planet or an asteroid, but a theory that scientists use to explain the origin of certain comets. This concept, named after astronomer Jan Oort, suggests that our solar system is surrounded by an enormous, spherical shell of icy objects, far beyond the orbits of even the most distant planets and dwarf planets.

Scientists theorize that the Oort Cloud is a remnant from the formation of the solar system. The idea was first put forward in 1950 to explain why new comets with very long orbits continue to appear. The cloud itself is believed to be a massive sphere of trillions of individual icy bodies. If this theory is correct, it represents the most distant and largest-scale structure of our solar system.

The sheer distance to the Oort Cloud is difficult to comprehend; it is much farther than the asteroid belt or Pluto. Due to gravitational disturbances, sometimes one of these icy objects is knocked from its position, beginning its long journey toward the Sun. (21) __________, we might see one of these spectacular long-period comets from Earth, providing a rare glimpse into the materials from our solar system's beginnings.

Because it is so distant and the objects within it are so small and dark, we cannot see the Oort Cloud directly. (22) __________, its existence is based on indirect evidence from studying comet orbits. An astronomer recently said that the cloud was so faint that it would be like trying to spot a tiny piece of coal in Tokyo from San Francisco. If a probe (23) __________ that far, it would take thousands of years to arrive with current technology.

Studying the theory of the Oort Cloud is essential for understanding the complete picture of our solar system. It holds clues about the early environment in which the Earth and other planets were formed. The continued study of comets originating from this distant region is (24) __________ major key to unlocking the secrets of our cosmic neighborhood.

Charitable giving has long been a cornerstone of compassionate societies, but modern philanthropy evolves beyond simple handouts. Today, the focus is on providing aid with dignity, empowering individuals in need to make their own choices rather than passively receiving assistance. This shift acknowledges the inherent value and autonomy of every person, aiming to uplift communities by fostering self-respect alongside practical support. It transforms receiving help from a humbling experience into one that upholds an individual’s right to decide what is best. [I]

One innovative manifestation of this dignified approach is the "Zero-Dong Supermarket." Imagine a place looking and feeling like a typical grocery store, with shelves stocked with essential goods, from rice and cooking oil to hygiene products. [II] Recipients are given "vouchers" or a shopping limit, allowing them to browse and select items as they would in any retail environment. This model mimics the normal shopping experience, granting beneficiaries the agency to choose exactly what they need.

This concept found remarkable resonance in Vietnam, particularly during the challenging times of the pandemic. Initiatives like "Siêu thị Hạnh phúc 0 đồng" (Zero-dong Happiness Supermarket) sprang up nationwide, supported by various organizations and companies, including Apec. These pop-up supermarkets became beacons of hope, offering a crucial lifeline to families struggling with economic hardship. Volunteers managed the stores, creating a welcoming atmosphere where people could "shop" for necessities without cost, turning a dire situation into an experience imbued with respect. [III]

The power of the Zero-Dong Supermarket lies in its psychological impact. Unlike traditional donation points where items are simply distributed, this model restores normalcy and control. For a young person, understanding this distinction is vital: it highlights that true help isn't just about providing material goods, but also considering the feelings of the recipient. It teaches empathy, emphasizing that preserving self-worth is as important as fulfilling basic needs. This thoughtful approach empowers recipients, making them active participants in their own relief. [IV]

The "Shopping with Dignity" model of the Zero-Dong Supermarket offers a powerful lesson in compassionate giving. It reminds us that empathy should guide our charitable efforts, encouraging us to think deeply about how we can support others in ways that uplift their spirits and reinforce autonomy. Such initiatives demonstrate that even in crisis, innovation leads to more respectful and effective forms of aid. Reflecting on this, we can all find ways to contribute to or advocate for similar thoughtful approaches in our communities, ensuring help is always delivered with dignity.