Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-108

The Eiffel Tower, a global icon of France, is famous not just for its height but for its revolutionary engineering. It was constructed for the 1889 Exposition Universelle, or World's Fair, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. The structure was completed in just over two years, a remarkable achievement for its time. From the beginning, its design was meant to be a testament to French industrial skill and modern architectural possibilities.

The design was truly (21) __________. Unlike the heavy stone arches of older monuments, the Eiffel Tower introduced a lightweight yet incredibly strong wrought-iron lattice framework. This open structure was not just for looks; it was a clever solution to the problem of wind resistance, a major concern for a tower of such height. However, many Parisians at the time thought the design was ugly and protested its construction, calling it a 'useless and monstrous' factory chimney.

The man behind this masterpiece was the French civil engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company specialized in building large metal structures like bridges. Eiffel and his team understood the properties of wrought iron perfectly. This material was chosen over steel because it was more resistant to bending and easier to work with. The (22) __________ reason for its selection was its impressive strength-to-weight ratio, which allowed the tower to soar to its great height without collapsing under its own weight.

The construction process itself was a model of precision. The engineers had to take into (23) __________ the effects of temperature changes on the metal, which could cause it to expand or contract. Over 18,000 individual wrought-iron parts were designed and produced with extreme accuracy. These parts were then assembled on-site using more than 2.5 million rivets.

The tower's design ensures that the weight is distributed evenly down to the four massive arches at its base. These arches are not just decorative; they are essential structural components that transfer the load to the foundations. Today, the Eiffel Tower stands as a powerful symbol of (24) __________ innovation and elegance, proving that industrial materials can be used to create something of great architectural beauty. It was the world's tallest man-made structure until 1930.

In today's interconnected world, much of our social lives unfold online. While the internet offers incredible avenues for connection, it also creates spaces where harmful behaviors like cyberbullying can thrive. Cyberbullying, using electronic communication to harass a person, often through mean or threatening messages, frequently goes unchallenged. This brings us to the silent witnesses: the digital bystanders. These are individuals who see online harassment happening but choose not to intervene. The crucial question then arises: if you witness cyberbullying and do nothing, are you, in some way, responsible? [I]

The phenomenon of the digital bystander is a global concern, significantly hindering efforts to curb online harassment. When someone posts a cruel comment or shares a humiliating image, countless others might view it without taking action. This inaction often stems from various factors: fear of becoming a target, uncertainty, or the mistaken belief it's "none of their business." In the vastness of the internet, individual responsibility can dilute, as people assume someone else will step forward, or that their single voice won't make a difference amidst a silent crowd. [II]

[III] Consider the comment sections of popular news and entertainment sites like Kenh14.vn, where discussions can quickly devolve. It’s not uncommon to see a handful of aggressive users dominating a conversation, posting inflammatory or bullying remarks, while hundreds, if not thousands, of other readers passively scroll. This widespread silence, despite clear hostile interactions, illustrates a powerful form of digital bystanderism, where collective inaction inadvertently normalizes or amplifies aggressive voices.

[IV] For teenagers, this scenario often plays out in familiar spaces, like a group chat with friends or schoolmates. Imagine one person being made fun of by others. You see the messages, feel discomfort, and face a tough decision: speak up, quietly leave the group, or remain silent, hoping it will pass? This is a real and difficult choice, fraught with social pressures. Choosing silence, while seemingly easiest, can often be interpreted by both the bully and the victim as tacit approval or abandonment.

The answer to whether a digital bystander is responsible for their inaction isn't straightforward, but it leans heavily towards a shared accountability. While you may not be the direct aggressor, your silence can contribute to an environment where bullying flourishes. Taking a stand doesn't always mean confronting the bully directly; it can involve reporting the content, reaching out privately to the victim, or simply refusing to share or like the offensive material. Every small act of intervention, when multiplied by many, has the power to shift the online climate, making digital spaces safer and more empathetic for everyone.