Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-105

Ethanol is (21) __________ type of biofuel, which is a fuel derived from renewable biological sources. It is often blended with gasoline to power vehicles. It is mainly produced from agricultural crops like corn and sugarcane. These plants are rich in sugars or starches, which are the key ingredients for its production.

The process of (22) __________ ethanol starts with harvesting these crops. First, the plant material is crushed. For crops like corn, the starches must be converted into simple sugars. This is done through a process called hydrolysis, so that they can be fermented more easily.

The next stage is fermentation. The guide explained that the process took about 48 hours to complete. During this step, microorganisms, usually yeast, are added to the sugary mixture. The yeast helps to (23) __________ the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This reaction is what creates the alcohol.

After fermentation, the liquid contains ethanol, water, and solid residues. This mixture is then heated in a process called distillation. Since ethanol has a lower boiling point than water, it evaporates first. The vapor is collected and cooled back into a liquid, which is now much more concentrated. This purified ethanol is ready for use as a fuel.

For countries with large agricultural sectors, producing ethanol is like killing two birds with one stone, as it supports farmers and promotes cleaner energy. If we (24) __________ more in biofuel technology, we could significantly reduce our carbon footprint in the future.

The global music scene is experiencing a fascinating shift, with independent artists captivating listeners worldwide. This is particularly true among young people in Vietnam, where indie music is a key part of personal playlists. For many 14 and 15-year-olds, mainstream V-Pop is often overshadowed by the raw, heartfelt sounds from the independent scene. But why is this wave resonating so strongly with youth?

One primary draw of independent music lies in its perceived authenticity. [I] Unlike major label productions that feel formulaic, indie artists often pour personal experiences and unfiltered emotions into their songs, creating a profound connection. Vietnamese artists like Vũ. and the band Chillies exemplify this, crafting lyrics that speak to universal feelings of love, heartbreak, and self-discovery, resonating deeply with local youth. [II]

The digital age played a crucial role in indie music's rise, globally and in Vietnam. Platforms like Spotify and YouTube democratize distribution, allowing independent artists to bypass traditional record labels. Musicians can produce, release, and promote work directly to a global audience, fostering a direct relationship with their fanbase. For young Vietnamese listeners, this accessibility translates into a vast, diverse library of unique sounds, easily discoverable and shared, fueling the indie movement's reach. [III]

Beyond authenticity and accessibility, independent music fosters a strong sense of community and identity among listeners. Young Vietnamese increasingly seek cultural expressions mirroring their evolving perspectives, moving beyond often-generic mainstream narratives. Indie music, with its diverse sub-genres and unconventional themes, offers space for self-expression and belonging. It allows teenagers to connect with artists and peers who share similar tastes and values, building subcultures where unique identities are celebrated, proving V-Pop isn't the only genre. [IV]

In conclusion, the surge in independent music popularity among young Vietnamese stems from powerful factors. It offers needed authenticity and personal connection in an increasingly digital world, amplified by ease of discovery and direct engagement via online platforms. For many teenagers, indie music is more than just a soundtrack; it’s a reflection of their personal journey, shared experience, and a vibrant expression of their evolving cultural identity. As independent artists continue to innovate, their influence on the Vietnamese youth music scene is only set to grow.