Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Phú Thọ môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTH-110

Have you ever seen someone pay for coffee just by tapping their phone on a machine? That's likely NFC, which stands for Near Field Communication. It's a wireless technology (15) __________ allows two devices to share small amounts of data when they are very close, usually less than four centimeters apart. The technology is quite simple; one device (16) __________ a signal that the other device can pick up.

One of the most popular uses of NFC is to (17) __________ contactless payments. With apps like Google Pay or Apple Pay, you can store your credit card details securely on your phone. When you want to pay, you just hold your phone near a compatible reader. This process is very convenient and also (18) __________. The short range of NFC means your data is protected from being stolen from a distance. During the transaction, your actual card details (19) __________ directly; instead, a unique, encrypted code is used. (20) __________, it's a fast and safe way to handle daily purchases.

Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), represent one of the biggest goals in the world of technology. Major companies are investing billions of dollars to create cars that can operate entirely without a human driver. This futuristic technology promises to make roads safer and give people more free time during their commutes.

In Vietnam, however, this dream encounters a unique reality. The traffic in major cities like Ho Chi Minh City is famous for its chaos, with thousands of motorbikes weaving through lanes in unpredictable patterns. Developing an AV that can safely navigate this environment is an extremely ambitious goal. Vietnamese company VinFast is actively tackling this challenge, developing and testing its own autonomous features for local road conditions.

So, how do these cars 'see' the world? They rely on a combination of advanced cameras and sensors to build a complete, 360-degree map of their surroundings. An Artificial Intelligence (AI) brain then processes all this data to make split-second driving decisions. When they detect a pedestrian or another vehicle, the AI must react instantly and correctly. The technology is often described in 'Levels of Autonomy,' and achieving the higher levels where the car is fully independent is a very complex task.

For teenagers who experience this busy traffic every day, the concept of a robot driver is both fascinating and a little daunting. Could a machine ever truly understand the unwritten rules of Vietnam's roads? As this technology continues to evolve, it forces us to consider important questions about safety, trust, and the future of transportation in our crowded cities.