Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-89

In (35) __________ ecosystem, from the busiest forest to the quietest pond, there is a special group of organisms known as decomposers. These organisms have an incredibly important job. They are nature’s clean-up crew, responsible for recycling dead material. Without them, our planet would be covered in dead plants and animals. Their work is (36) __________ for maintaining the balance of life.

The main types of decomposers are bacteria and fungi. Fungi, like mushrooms, are organisms (37) __________ often grow on dead wood or leaves. Bacteria are microscopic living things that exist almost everywhere. Both of these groups have a similar (38) __________ in the environment: they get their energy by consuming dead organic matter.

The process of decomposition is fascinating. When a plant or animal dies, its body is not wasted. Decomposers start to work, and the complex materials in the dead organism (39) __________ into simpler substances. This is achieved through special chemicals that the decomposers release. Essentially, they digest the material outside of their bodies.

(40) __________, these simpler substances, called nutrients, are returned to the environment. The soil becomes rich (41) __________ elements like nitrogen and phosphorus, which are vital for plants. Plants absorb these nutrients through their roots, allowing them to grow strong and healthy. This cycle ensures that the building blocks of life are constantly reused.

In conclusion, decomposers (42) __________ a critical role in every food chain. By breaking down dead material and returning nutrients to the soil, they connect the end of one life cycle to the beginning of another. They are the unseen heroes that keep our ecosystems productive and clean, ensuring that life can continue to flourish.

Imagine this: you’re sitting in a popular Vietnamese coffee shop like Highlands Coffee or The Coffee House, a cold drink in your hand. You pull out your phone, and the first thing you do is connect to the free Wi-Fi. It’s a habit for millions of us, especially for teenagers wanting to save their precious mobile data while scrolling through TikTok or chatting with friends. This convenience is a major reason why these places are so popular. But have you ever stopped to think about whether this 'free' service comes with a hidden cost to your personal security?

The primary danger of public Wi-Fi lies in its lack of strong security. Most free networks in cafes, malls, or airports are 'unsecured,' meaning the data you send over them is not encrypted. This creates a perfect opportunity for cybercriminals to launch what is known as a 'Man-in-the-Middle' (MITM) attack. A hacker on the same network can use simple software to position themselves between your device and the Wi-Fi router. This allows them to intercept all the information that passes between you and the internet, essentially reading your digital mail without your knowledge.

Once a cybercriminal has access to your data stream, the potential for damage is significant. They might steal the passwords to your social media accounts, your email, or even your online banking login details. Personal conversations and private photos could also be exposed. Using this stolen information, they can impersonate you, scam your friends and family, or empty your accounts. For a teenager, losing control of a social media profile can be a particularly distressing experience, leading to public embarrassment and loss of privacy.

So, does this mean you should never use public Wi-Fi again? Not necessarily. It means you need to be smarter and more cautious. There are several effective steps you can take to protect yourself. First, avoid logging into highly sensitive accounts, such as your bank or primary email, when on a public network. Second, use a Virtual Private Network (VPN). A VPN creates a secure, encrypted 'tunnel' for your data, making it unreadable to anyone trying to spy on you. Third, always look for 'HTTPS' at the beginning of a website's address, as the 'S' stands for 'secure.' Finally, turn off your device's setting to automatically connect to available Wi-Fi networks to prevent it from joining a malicious one without your consent.

Ultimately, the convenience of free Wi-Fi doesn't have to be a threat. It simply requires a new level of digital awareness. Just as you look both ways before crossing a busy street in Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City, you should also take a moment to secure your digital life before connecting in a cafe. By adopting these simple habits, you can enjoy your milk tea and browse the internet with peace of mind, knowing your personal information is safe from prying eyes.