Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-80

Millions of years ago, before the time of dinosaurs, the Earth was covered with vast, dense forests and humid swamps. The climate was warm and wet, perfect for plant growth. The long and complex process to create the coal we use today (35) __________ not happen in a modern environment; it required these specific ancient conditions. This period, known as the Carboniferous Period, provided the essential raw materials for one of the world's most important energy sources.

When these giant plants and ferns died, they fell into the swampy, oxygen-poor water. Because there was little oxygen, the plant matter did not fully decompose. Instead, it slowly accumulated in thick layers. Over thousands of years, this organic material was compacted into a dense, dark substance called peat. This material was the (36) __________ first step in coal's long journey from plant to rock.

Over geological time, the landscape changed. Seas and rivers flowed over these ancient swamps, depositing heavy layers of sand, clay, and rock on top of the peat. (37) __________ buried the peat deeper and deeper under the surface of the Earth, sealing it off from the air completely. The weight of these new layers was immense, squeezing the water out of the peat.

As more layers built up, the peat was pushed even further down. The deeper it went, the (38) __________ the pressure became. This extreme pressure, along with heat rising from the Earth's core, began to (39) __________ a change in the chemical and physical structure of the peat. Not until millions of years had passed (40) __________ the transformation from soft peat to hard, black rock finally complete.

(41) __________, different types of coal were formed depending on how much heat and pressure were applied. For example, anthracite, the hardest coal, was created under the most extreme conditions. (42) __________, the journey from a living plant to a lump of coal is a remarkable story of geological transformation, powered by time, pressure, and heat.

In the world of business, few stories are as inspiring as that of Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo. As the CEO of VietJet Air and Vietnam's first self-made female billionaire, she has become a national icon of success. Her journey from a young student selling goods to the leader of a major airline demonstrates that vision and determination can break down any barrier. This narrative is not just about wealth, but about transforming an entire industry and inspiring a new generation of entrepreneurs in Vietnam and beyond.

Thảo's entrepreneurial spirit ignited during her time as a university student in Moscow, Russia. From modest beginnings, she recognized an opportunity. While studying finance and economics, she began trading goods, importing fax machines and rubber from Asia to sell in Russia. She earned her first million dollars at the young age of 21. This early success was not due to luck, but to her sharp business sense, tireless work ethic, and ability to identify market needs long before others did.

Upon returning to Vietnam, Thảo saw another, much larger opportunity. At the time, the airline industry was dominated by a state-owned carrier, and air travel was considered a luxury reserved for the wealthy. Thảo believed this needed to change. She envisioned an airline for everyone—a "low-cost carrier" that would make flying as common as taking a bus. However, breaking into the airline industry was incredibly challenging; it was a sector with high costs and strict regulations. Her vision was radical: to democratize the skies for millions of Vietnamese people.

Launching VietJet Air was not easy. Thảo faced considerable skepticism from those who believed a low-cost airline could not succeed in Vietnam. To stand out, she employed innovative and sometimes controversial marketing strategies. Most famously, the airline gained international attention for featuring bikini-clad flight attendants in some promotional campaigns. While this move drew criticism, it also generated enormous publicity, helping to establish VietJet as a well-known brand very quickly and distinguishing it from its more traditional competitors.

Today, VietJet Air is one of Southeast Asia's largest airlines, flying millions of passengers annually. Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo's impact extends far beyond her company's balance sheet. She has fundamentally changed how people travel in Vietnam and has become a powerful role model, especially for young women. Her story serves as a potent reminder that one's starting point does not dictate one's destiny and that a bold vision, backed by resilience, can truly change the world.