Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-76

Geothermal energy is a powerful and renewable resource that comes directly (35) __________ the Earth itself. The name "geothermal" originates from the Greek words 'geo' (earth) and 'therme' (heat). Unlike solar or wind power, this energy source is not dependent on the weather, because it is generated deep inside our planet.

The process begins at the Earth's core, which is extremely hot. This intense (36) __________ travels upwards through the planet's layers, heating the rock and water in the crust. In some areas, there are large reservoirs of underground water, (37) __________ are known as aquifers.

When this water gets heated by the hot rock, it can turn into powerful steam. To access this energy, geothermal power plants drill deep wells into the ground. This is a completely (38) __________ process, but it requires advanced technology to bring the heat to the surface.

The captured steam then (39) __________ to the surface and is channelled through pipes to turn large turbines. These turbines are connected to generators that (40) __________ electricity for homes and businesses. After the steam is used, it cools and turns back into water.

(41) __________ geothermal energy is a clean source of power, it is not available everywhere. Not (42) __________ location on Earth is suitable for a geothermal power plant. The best sites are usually near tectonic plate boundaries, where the Earth's heat is much closer to the surface.

For generations, space travel was the stuff of science fiction. Today, however, it is rapidly becoming a reality, not for astronauts on scientific missions, but for wealthy tourists seeking the ultimate adventure. Private companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin are at the forefront of this new industry, developing reusable rockets that significantly lower the cost of reaching the stars. While a trip to space is still far from affordable for the average person, these developments mark the beginning of a new era in human exploration: commercial space tourism.

So, what does a ticket to space actually buy? For a price tag that can run into millions of dollars, tourists can experience a sub-orbital flight. This journey takes them just past the edge of Earth's atmosphere, allowing them to witness the stunning curvature of our planet and experience a few minutes of weightlessness. It is an incredibly exclusive club, reserved for billionaires and celebrities who can afford the high price of admission. The goal for these companies, however, is to eventually make space travel more accessible, though that future is likely decades away.

The rise of space tourism has not been without criticism. Environmentalists express serious concerns about the carbon footprint of rocket launches, arguing that such luxury travel comes at a high cost to our planet's health. Others question the ethics of spending vast sums of money on space vacations when significant problems like poverty and disease persist on Earth. In response, proponents point to the immense technological advancements that space exploration drives. These innovations, they argue, often have far-reaching benefits that eventually improve life for everyone, not just the space-faring few.

Indeed, the history of space exploration is filled with 'spin-off' technologies. The need to solve complex problems for missions in space has led to inventions we use every day. GPS technology, which helps us navigate our cars and phones, was developed for satellites. Medical imaging technologies like MRI and CT scans have been improved by techniques used for analyzing images from space. Even everyday items like memory foam and cordless power tools have their origins in research conducted for space agencies. These examples show that investing in space can lead to tangible benefits back on Earth.

While a holiday on the Moon might seem like a distant dream for most, the excitement around space is growing globally. In Vietnam, for instance, a strong focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education is nurturing a new generation's curiosity about the cosmos. Initiatives like Vingroup's VinSpace Astronomy Club are providing young people with opportunities to learn about aerospace. This growing interest proves that even if you aren't flying to space soon, the journey of discovery and the technology it creates are relevant and inspiring for everyone.