Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-54

A dam is a huge barrier built across a river or stream to hold back water. Its primary function is to store water in a large, man-made lake called a reservoir. To do this job, a dam needs to be incredibly (35) __________ to resist the constant force of the water it contains. The design must be very precise to ensure safety and efficiency.

Behind the dam, the water in the reservoir creates enormous pressure against the structure's face. This pressure increases with depth, which is why a dam is usually much thicker at its base than at its top. A dam is a truly (36) __________ structure, often made of concrete or earth, built to last for many decades. The foundation is (37) __________ part of the dam, anchored deep into the ground to provide stability against the immense force.

To manage the water level and generate electricity, engineers need a way to release water in a controlled manner. They use special gates built into the dam. By opening or closing these gates, they can adjust how much water flows through. Engineers (38) __________ carefully calculate the amount of water to release, balancing the needs of agriculture, power generation, and flood prevention.

Additionally, dams have a safety feature called a spillway. (39) __________ spillways provide a path for excess water to flow over or around the dam, they also prevent the water level from becoming dangerously high, especially after heavy rainfall. Preventing the dam from overflowing is essential for the safety of communities downstream. (40) __________ is a critical function that protects both the structure itself and the surrounding areas. Using these systems, engineers (41) __________ of water with great precision.

(42) __________, a dam is more than just a wall; it's a complex engineering system. It uses its strong structure to hold back water, creating a reservoir, and uses gates and spillways to control the release of that water. This careful management of one of nature's most powerful forces provides many benefits, from clean energy to reliable water supplies.

You scroll through your social media feed and see a stunning photo: a famous landmark surrounded by mythical creatures, or a politician in a situation that seems unbelievable. Ten years ago, you might have dismissed it as a clumsy Photoshop edit. Today, however, that image could be a 'deepfake'—a highly realistic but completely artificial creation from an AI image generator. Tools like Midjourney and DALL-E are blurring the lines between what is real and what is fiction, presenting a new and complex challenge for everyone who uses the internet.

The technology behind these images is both fascinating and powerful. Users simply type a text description—a 'prompt'—and the AI generates a unique image based on it. The more detailed the prompt, the more realistic the output. These systems have become increasingly sophisticated, learning from billions of images on the internet to understand concepts, styles, and details. What was once a niche technology requiring powerful computers is now accessible to almost anyone with an internet connection, leading to an explosion of AI-generated content online.

This explosion has significant consequences, especially for teenagers who are highly active on social media. Misinformation can spread like wildfire. A fake image of a public figure saying something they never said, or a fabricated scene from a political protest, can easily fool people. When AI-generated images appear in news feeds and advertisements, they can manipulate opinions and emotions without the viewer even realizing it. The problem is no longer just about spotting a bad edit; it's about questioning the very nature of the visual information we consume daily.

This global phenomenon has a strong echo in Vietnam, where active online communities, such as those on the forum Voz.vn, frequently discuss the latest advancements in AI. Members share incredible AI creations but also debate their potential for misuse, from creating fake celebrity scandals to influencing public opinion. This conversation highlights a crucial modern skill: digital literacy. It is no longer enough to just consume content; we must learn to critically evaluate it. The most important defense is not to block the technology, but to develop the skills to question what we see.

So, how can you protect yourself from being deceived? The first step is to cultivate a healthy sense of skepticism. Before you share or believe an image, pause and think. Look for small, tell-tale signs of AI generation, like oddly shaped hands or unnatural textures. More importantly, always try to verify the source. Is the image from a reputable news agency or an anonymous social media account? Tools like reverse image search can also help you track an image's origin. In this new digital era, trusting your eyes is not enough; you have to trust your critical thinking skills.