Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-52

Floods are one of nature's most (35) __________ natural disasters, affecting communities worldwide. They occur when an overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry. While the effects are clear, the causes can be varied. Understanding these hydrological forces is crucial for predicting and managing flood risks.

The most frequent cause is heavy rainfall. When too much rain falls too quickly, the ground cannot absorb it all, causing water to build up. In some cases, intense rainfall (36) __________ lead to flash floods, which are sudden and extremely dangerous, especially in hilly areas where water travels downhill rapidly.

In addition, floods are often caused by overflowing rivers. After heavy rain or snowmelt, river levels may rise significantly. When a river collects more water than its riverbanks can hold, it will flow over the surrounding land. (37) __________ is a common cause of flooding in low-lying areas near major river systems.

Furthermore, human factors can (38) __________ a role. Dam failures can release a catastrophic amount of water. Among all types, flash floods are often the (39) __________ dangerous because they happen with little warning. Urban areas are (40) __________ vulnerable because concrete prevents water absorption. Rarely (41) __________ communities have enough time to prepare for a sudden dam failure.

(42) __________, flooding is a complex issue with multiple causes, from natural weather to human actions. Whether it's a river slowly overflowing its banks or a sudden flash flood, the result is an excess of water. Understanding these various causes is the first step toward creating safer communities.

For decades, cinema has been seen as the king of storytelling. We sit in a dark theater, captivated by the director's vision, following a carefully constructed plot from beginning to end. But in recent years, a powerful new challenger has emerged: the video game. Titles like 'The Last of Us' or 'Red Dead Redemption 2' are no longer just simple entertainment; they are complex, emotional journeys that are earning praise for their deep narratives, rivaling the best of Hollywood. This raises an interesting question: Can a video game tell a story even more effectively than a movie?

The most significant difference lies in interactivity. When you watch a movie, you are a passive observer. You witness the hero's struggles, but you cannot influence them. In contrast, narrative-driven video games place you in the center of the action. You are not just watching the story unfold; you are shaping it. Your decisions—what to say in a conversation, who to help, or which path to take—can lead to different outcomes and character relationships. This agency creates a uniquely personal connection to the narrative, making the emotional stakes feel much higher because your choices have real consequences within the game's world.

Furthermore, video games have the luxury of time. A typical film runs for two to three hours, forcing the story to be concise. A game, however, can offer dozens, sometimes hundreds, of hours of content. This extended duration allows for unparalleled character development and world-building. Players can spend hours exploring vast landscapes, listening to conversations between minor characters, and reading in-game books and letters. This depth makes the world feel more alive and allows characters to evolve more gradually and realistically than the compressed timelines of cinema often permit.

Of course, this doesn't mean movies are obsolete. Filmmakers are masters of control. They use precise camera angles, editing, and musical scores to craft a specific emotional experience, ensuring every viewer receives the same polished and impactful message. Not all video games have strong narratives, either. Many games rightfully prioritize pure gameplay mechanics like fast-paced action or complex strategy over storytelling. They are designed for fun and challenge, not for deep emotional engagement. The quality of storytelling in both mediums can vary greatly.

Ultimately, the debate is not about which medium is definitively 'better'. Instead, it's about recognizing that video games offer a distinct and powerful alternative for storytelling. The growing global success of narrative-focused games, and even the local enthusiasm in Vietnam for titles like 'The Death - Thần Trùng', proves there is a strong appetite for interactive stories. This evolution shows that video games have matured into a legitimate art form, one where the player is not just an audience member, but a co-author of their own epic tale.