Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-43

Inside almost every cell of every living thing, there is a special molecule known as deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. It is a molecule that (35) __________ all of the body's instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Think of it as a detailed blueprint or a recipe book for life. These instructions determine everything from the color of your eyes to how your body fights illnesses. Every person's DNA is unique, which is why we are all different.

The structure of DNA is one of (36) __________ scientific images in the world. It is called a double helix, which looks like a twisted ladder. The two long sides of the ladder are made of sugar and phosphate molecules, and the rungs connecting them are made of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). This structure is incredibly compact and stable, allowing a huge amount of information to be stored in a very small space. (37) __________ is crucial for the cell's ability to copy and pass on genetic information accurately.

The information in DNA is written in a special code using the four chemical bases. The sequence of these bases forms specific segments of DNA called genes. Each gene carries the instructions for one specific function or trait. For a cell to operate (38) __________, it must read these genes correctly and follow their instructions precisely. The entire set of these instructions in an organism is called its genome.

Because of its unique nature, DNA (39) __________ be used for many practical purposes, such as identifying individuals in criminal investigations or establishing family relationships. Scientists constantly (40) __________ research to better understand the genome and how different genes work. (41) __________ does an error in the DNA code lead to a positive outcome; most often, such mistakes cause problems or diseases. This highlights the importance of the DNA's stability.

(42) __________, DNA is the fundamental molecule of life. It carries the unique genetic code that makes each organism what it is, provides the instructions for cellular functions, and allows genetic information to be passed from one generation to the next. Its discovery and ongoing study continue to revolutionize biology and medicine.

Have you ever scrolled through your social media feed and seen photos of your friends at a party you weren't invited to, or on a trip to a cool new cafe in Hanoi? A sinking feeling might wash over you – a mix of sadness, anxiety, and the sense that your life isn't as exciting as everyone else's. This feeling has a name: The Fear of Missing Out, or FOMO. It's a type of social anxiety that has become increasingly common in the digital age, particularly among teenagers who are navigating the complex world of social connections both online and off.

Social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok are major contributors to this phenomenon. They present a continuous stream of others' achievements, celebrations, and perfect-looking moments. The problem is that these feeds are not an accurate reflection of reality. Instead, they are often a curated collection of highlights, carefully selected to show only the best parts of a person's life. When you see your classmates at a K-Pop concert you couldn't attend, you're not seeing the boring moments or daily struggles they also experience. This constant exposure to idealized versions of others' lives can make your own seem inadequate in comparison.

The psychological impact of FOMO can be significant. It can lead to lower self-esteem, increased anxiety, and a general feeling of dissatisfaction with life. This creates a negative loop; the feeling of inadequacy pushes you to check social media more frequently for validation, but this action only intensifies the anxiety, making it a difficult cycle to break. This constant comparison can prevent you from appreciating your own unique journey and accomplishments, leaving you feeling perpetually behind.

Fortunately, it is possible to manage FOMO and reclaim your peace of mind. The first and most crucial step is to recognize and acknowledge the feeling when it arises. Simply naming it as 'FOMO' can reduce its power. Another effective strategy is to practice a 'digital detox,' which means taking intentional breaks from social media. Use that time to focus on your own hobbies, connect with family, or meet a friend in person. Finally, it's vital to remind yourself that what you see online is just a highlight reel, not the full story. By shifting your focus from the virtual world to your real one, you can build self-confidence and find joy in your own experiences, not the ones you think you're missing out on.