Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-39

Have you ever crossed a bridge and wondered how it can support so much weight? Many bridges, especially for railways and highways, use a special design called a truss. A truss is a structure made up (35) __________ straight elements, like beams of steel or wood, that form a strong, rigid framework.

The fundamental design of a truss is based on one of the strongest geometric shapes: the triangle. The entire structure is composed of a series of connected triangles, (36) __________ gives the structure its incredible strength. The individual beams (37) __________ to form these triangular shapes, and these triangles are then linked together to span long distances.

Why are triangles so special? A square or rectangle can easily change shape under pressure. (38) __________, a triangle holds its shape firmly. When force is applied to a joint on a truss, it is distributed along the beams as either tension (pulling) or compression (pushing). The triangular shape prevents the beams from bending, making the entire structure very (39) __________ and stable.

This distribution of forces is the principal reason for the truss's strength and (40) __________. The elements in the truss work together as a single unit. Each beam and joint has a specific role in managing the forces that the bridge must endure, from its own weight to the traffic that crosses it. This clever design has been used by engineers for centuries.

Because the forces are handled so well, the individual beams do not need to be excessively thick or heavy. This means that (41) __________ material is needed to build a strong bridge compared to other designs. Therefore, truss bridges are not only strong but also relatively (42) __________ and cost-effective to build, making them a popular choice around the world.

In a world where millions of songs are just a tap away on our smartphones, a seemingly outdated technology is making a remarkable comeback. For over a decade, while digital streaming services like Spotify and Apple Music have dominated the industry, sales of vinyl records have been climbing steadily. This resurgence isn't just happening in Europe or America; in cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, cozy record stores and cafes have become popular spots. So, why are people, including many young music lovers, choosing this old-fashioned format in our fast-paced digital age?

The primary reason is the listening experience itself. Streaming music is often a background activity—something we do while commuting, studying, or exercising. In contrast, playing a vinyl record is an intentional act. It requires you to carefully remove the record from its sleeve, place it on the turntable, and gently lower the needle. This ritual creates a more focused and mindful connection with the music. Furthermore, many enthusiasts argue that vinyl offers a 'warmer' and richer sound. The large album artwork and liner notes also provide a tangible connection to the artist and their work, something that a tiny thumbnail on a screen cannot replicate.

Vinyl culture is also deeply social. Record stores and cafes are more than just retail spaces; they are community hubs where fans gather to discuss music, discover new artists, and share their passion. In Vietnam, this trend is visible in the niche shops of major cities, where collectors browse for both international albums and special vinyl editions from V-Pop artists like Hà Anh Tuấn. These places foster a sense of belonging among fans, and in their cozy corners, friendships are often formed over a shared love for music.

Another significant factor is the desire to directly support artists. When you stream a song, the artist receives only a tiny fraction of a cent. However, when you buy a vinyl album, a much larger portion of the money goes directly to the musician and their label. For dedicated fans, buying a record is a meaningful way to show appreciation and provide financial support. Additionally, vinyl records are often seen as collectible items. Limited editions can increase in value over time, turning a music purchase into a long-term investment and a prized possession.

While digital streaming offers undeniable convenience and choice, the vinyl revival shows that many people still crave a deeper, more physical relationship with music. It’s a deliberate choice to slow down, to listen actively, and to appreciate music not just as digital data, but as a beautiful and lasting art form. The return of the record is proof that sometimes, the old ways offer a value that modern technology cannot replace.