Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-22

For a plant to reproduce, which means to create new plants, it must go through pollination. Pollination is a (35) __________ process that involves moving pollen from one part of a flower to another, or from one flower to a different one. This transfer is essential because it leads to the creation of seeds, which can grow into new plants. Without pollination, many of the fruits and vegetables we eat would not exist, making it incredibly important for both nature and our food supply.

Flowers have developed clever ways to attract animals that can help with pollination. Many flowers use bright colors and appealing scents to get noticed. In addition, they produce a sweet, sugary liquid (36) __________ nectar, which serves as a food reward for visiting animals. Some flowers have special shapes or patterns, called nectar guides, (37) __________ show pollinators the quickest way to find this sweet treat. These features ensure that animals will want to visit the flower.

The animals that help move pollen are known as pollinators. While bees and butterflies are the most famous examples, other insects, birds, and even bats can be pollinators. A flower produces a fine powder called pollen. This pollen (38) __________ by the wind or, more commonly, carried by animals. As these creatures move from flower to flower to feed, they unknowingly collect pollen on their bodies. This process happens constantly, with (39) __________ pollinators visiting thousands of flowers each day.

The actual transfer of pollen is a delicate event. When a pollinator lands on a flower, pollen grains stick to its body. Then, as it travels to another flower of the same species, some of this pollen brushes off onto the new flower's stigma, which is the receptive part. This transfer has a huge (40) __________ on the plant’s ability to reproduce. (41) __________, the plant is fertilized and can begin the process of producing seeds and fruit, ensuring the survival of its species.

In conclusion, pollination (42) __________ a crucial role in our ecosystems. It is a fantastic example of teamwork between plants and animals. Through this process, plants are able to reproduce, and in return, they provide essential food for pollinators. This relationship is vital for the health of our planet, supporting biodiversity and ensuring that we have a rich variety of plant life for years to come.

When you sit down for dinner, you probably think about the taste of the food on your plate. But have you ever considered where it all begins? The answer lies in something we often take for granted: the soil. This thin layer of 'black gold' on the Earth's surface is a complex, living ecosystem responsible for growing 95% of the world's food. However, this vital resource is facing a silent crisis known as soil degradation, which is the decline in soil quality. This global problem threatens not only our environment but also the future of our food security.

In Vietnam, a country with a strong agricultural backbone, this issue is particularly resonant. The Central Highlands, famous for its robusta coffee, provide a clear example. To maximize production and profits, many farms have relied heavily on intensive farming and the overuse of chemical fertilizers for decades. While these chemicals can boost growth in the short term, they gradually strip the soil of its essential nutrients and organic matter. As a result, the land becomes less fertile, crop yields decrease over time, and the very foundation of the region's economy is weakened.

The consequences of degraded soil extend far beyond the farm. When soil loses its structure, it cannot hold water effectively, making crops more vulnerable to drought. This directly impacts food security, potentially leading to higher food prices and shortages. Furthermore, the excess chemical fertilizers don't just disappear; they are often washed away by rain into rivers and lakes. This runoff pollutes water sources, harming aquatic life and affecting the quality of water available for communities, creating a ripple effect of environmental damage.

Fortunately, the situation is not hopeless. Across Vietnam, there is growing awareness and action. The government, through bodies like the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, is promoting sustainable agriculture. Farmers are being encouraged and educated to adopt healthier practices. These include crop rotation, which involves planting different crops in sequence to restore nutrients, and using organic compost instead of synthetic chemicals. By investing in these methods, farmers can improve their long-term productivity while protecting the environment.

Protecting our soil is a responsibility that affects everyone. It requires a collective effort from governments, farmers, and even consumers who can support sustainable farming. The health of the ground beneath our feet is directly linked to the health of our future generations. Ensuring our soil remains fertile and productive is one of the most important investments we can make for a sustainable and food-secure Vietnam.