Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-18

Deep (35) __________ the ocean, far from the light of the sun, exists a mysterious world. In this cold, dark environment at the bottom of the sea, many creatures have developed a remarkable ability called bioluminescence. This is a natural process (36) __________ allows living organisms to produce their own light. This "living light" is not just for show; it is a critical tool for survival where there is no other light source available.

The science behind bioluminescence is a chemical reaction. It involves a substance called luciferin, which (37) __________ light when it reacts with an enzyme, usually luciferase. This process is incredibly efficient, converting chemical energy into light with very little heat produced. Unlike a light bulb that gets hot, nearly all the energy in this reaction becomes light, making it a perfect adaptation for life in the deep.

Creatures use this ability for several important reasons. A key purpose is to hunt for food. The famous anglerfish, for example, uses a glowing lure to attract smaller fish. By dangling this light in front of its mouth, it can (38) __________ draw in prey that might otherwise swim past in the darkness. This strategy saves the predator a lot of energy that would be spent searching for a meal.

(39) __________, light is not only used for hunting. It is also a vital tool for defense. Some squid, for instance, release a cloud of glowing liquid to confuse a predator, giving them a chance to escape. This startling (40) __________ can disorient an attacker, similar to how a flash of bright light can momentarily blind us. For others, a sudden flash can signal a warning to other potential threats in the area.

Finally, bioluminescence is essential for communication. In the vast darkness of the deep sea, finding a mate can be a huge challenge. (41) __________ species have unique patterns of light that they use to signal to and identify each other. Scientists (42) __________ new things about this amazing phenomenon and how crucial it is for the complex ecosystems found in the deepest parts of our world.

For many years, rap and hip-hop in Vietnam was a small, underground subculture, a world away from the pop ballads that dominated the music charts. Thriving in small online forums and live events, this community was built on a passion for clever wordplay, rhythmic beats, and telling stories about city life and personal struggles. Early Vietnamese rappers were pioneers, creating a unique style that blended global hip-hop influences with local language and culture. They built their fanbases organically, sharing their music directly with a small but dedicated audience who appreciated their raw energy and lyrical depth.

The landscape of Vietnamese music experienced a dramatic shift with the arrival of televised rap competitions, most notably 'Rap Việt'. These shows acted as a powerful catalyst, bringing the genre from the shadows into the national spotlight. Millions of viewers were introduced to the talent and creativity of artists they had never heard of before. Fans were drawn to the contestants' powerful performances and appreciated their authentic stories about ambition, love, and overcoming challenges. This massive exposure turned underground artists into overnight sensations and legitimized rap as a major commercial force in Vietnam.

The consequences of this newfound fame were immediate and widespread. These new-generation rappers quickly became household names. They appeared in advertisements, collaborated with pop stars, and their songs consistently topped the charts. This commercial success brought financial stability to many artists, allowing them to produce higher-quality music videos and albums. For the first time, a career as a rapper in Vietnam was not just a dream but a viable profession. The music itself also evolved, sometimes incorporating more melodic, pop-friendly hooks to appeal to a broader audience.

However, this transition has not been without debate. The rapid commercialization has sparked conversations within the community about artistic integrity. A divide has emerged between two main groups of artists. The first group embraces the mainstream, viewing it as a platform to reach more people and achieve professional success. The second group remains dedicated to the 'underground' spirit, prioritizing complex lyricism and social commentary over popular appeal. These artists often choose to remain independent, believing that commercial pressures can dilute the core message of hip-hop.

Despite these debates, the rise of rap has undeniably enriched Vietnam's cultural landscape. It has provided a powerful new voice for the younger generation and has shown that a subculture can grow to redefine the mainstream. The journey of Vietnamese rap from hidden communities to television screens is a testament to the talent of its artists and the changing tastes of the nation.