Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-16

In the past, performing complex math problems was a slow and difficult process. People used tools like the abacus or slide rule to (35) __________ large numbers, but these required significant skill and time. The dream was to have a machine that could provide instant, accurate answers. The journey to the modern calculator was a long one, starting with mechanical machines that were large, heavy, and far too complex for everyday personal use.

The first electronic calculators, developed in the mid-20th century, were a major advancement. However, they were enormous, often filling an entire room, and were incredibly expensive. They were mainly used by scientists and large corporations for specialized tasks. (36) __________, they were not practical for the average person or student. These huge machines were eventually replaced by smaller desktop models, but even these were too big to carry around easily.

The invention of the transistor and later the integrated circuit changed everything. These tiny electronic components allowed engineers to shrink the calculator's internal parts dramatically. By the 1960s, companies started (37) __________ on making a device that was truly portable. The goal was to create (38) __________ calculator that could fit inside a pocket, a revolutionary idea at the time. This required not only smaller electronics but also a compact power source and a clear digital display.

By the early 1970s, the first handheld electronic calculators appeared on the market. Initially, they were a luxury item, but as manufacturing improved, their price dropped quickly and their popularity (39) __________. Students and professionals could now perform calculations anywhere. If we did not have these devices today, we (40) __________ much more time on basic math for homework and business. The bright red LED displays of these early models were iconic, even if they used a lot of battery power.

The pocket calculator's success was a crucial step toward personal computing. A technology historian once said that the device (41) __________ an essential part of daily life for millions. Its development proved that powerful electronic tools could be made small, affordable, and accessible to everyone. In the history of everyday inventions, the pocket calculator was truly (42) __________, paving the way for the smartphones and computers we rely on so heavily today.

From the battlegrounds of VNG's 'PUBG Mobile VN' to bustling online forums, a common sight unites millions of Vietnamese teenagers: the use of pseudonyms and avatars. Hardly anyone uses their real name or photo. Instead, they choose an 'in-game name' and a custom character that represents them in the digital world. This practice is so widespread that we often don't question it. But why do we do it? Are we simply having fun by creating a new persona, or are we hiding our true selves for other reasons? The answer is complex and reveals a lot about our relationship with the internet.

On one hand, creating an online identity can be a powerful form of self-expression and creativity. Choosing a name like 'ShadowDragon77' or designing an avatar with futuristic armor allows teens to explore aspects of their personality that they might not show in daily life. For a shy person, adopting a brave and outgoing persona can be a liberating experience, giving them the confidence to communicate and make friends. This digital disguise builds communities where people are judged by their skills or ideas, not their real-world status. It’s a chance to craft an identity from scratch, which can be an exciting and playful process.

On the other hand, the use of pseudonyms is a critical tool for privacy and security. The internet can be a dangerous place, and sharing real names, photos, or personal details can expose individuals to risks. By using a fake name, teens create a necessary barrier between their public online activities and their private life. This separation between one's real-life identity and online persona is a smart safety measure. It allows for free exploration and interaction in online spaces without the constant fear that a stranger could discover your home address or school. For many, it is not about hiding who they are, but protecting who they are.

However, this same shield of anonymity has a significant downside. When people feel that their actions have no real-world consequences, some are tempted to behave negatively. This is where the idea of 'hiding' becomes problematic. Anonymity can fuel cyberbullying, toxic comments, and disrespectful behavior in games and on social media. Without a real name attached to their profiles, some users feel empowered to say things they would never say face-to-face. This negative aspect demonstrates that the freedom granted by anonymity can sometimes be misused, harming the very communities it helps create.

Ultimately, using an avatar and a pseudonym is neither purely good nor bad. It is a dual-purpose tool. It can be a canvas for creativity and a shield for privacy, but it can also be a mask for negative behavior. The difference lies in the user's intention. As we continue to navigate our digital lives, it is crucial to understand both the power and the responsibility that come with crafting our online identities.