Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-159

Our solar system is a vast and fascinating place, filled with planets, moons, and other celestial bodies. One of its most famous features is the Asteroid Belt. This is a large, doughnut-shaped region of space that is located (35) __________ the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It contains the majority of our solar system's asteroids and serves as a clear boundary between the inner rocky planets and the outer gas giants.

The objects found within the belt are mainly composed of (36) __________ material, including rock and various metals. This vast region (37) __________ of millions of individual space rocks of all different sizes, from tiny pebbles to enormous boulders. These objects are remnants from the early formation of our solar system, over 4.6 billion years ago, which were prevented from coming together to form a planet by Jupiter's strong gravity.

The items that populate this area are called asteroids, (38) __________ are ancient, rocky objects that orbit the Sun but are too small to be considered planets. The sizes of these asteroids are incredibly (39) __________, ranging from dust-like particles to giant bodies measuring hundreds of kilometers in diameter. The asteroid Vesta, for example, is one of the largest and is about 525 kilometers wide.

Most asteroids are irregularly shaped and relatively small. (40) __________, the largest object found in the belt is Ceres. It is so large and spherical that scientists have also classified it as a dwarf planet. While there are (41) __________ other large asteroids in the belt, none of them come close to the size of Ceres, which accounts for a third of the belt's total mass.

Despite how it is often shown in movies, the Asteroid Belt is mostly empty space. The distance between objects is so great that a spacecraft can fly through it without much risk. The total mass of all the asteroids combined has a surprisingly small (42) __________ on the solar system; it is estimated to be only about 4% of the mass of Earth's Moon.

When you think about where to hang out with your friends on a weekend, a local park might come to mind. For many teenagers, these green areas are simply places for socializing and relaxation. However, their role in a city is far more significant. In densely populated urban centers, from New York to Ho Chi Minh City, planners and citizens are increasingly recognizing that parks, gardens, and other green spaces are the 'green lungs' of a city, essential for its health and survival.

The most direct benefit of these green lungs is environmental. Trees and plants are masters at improving air quality. They absorb carbon dioxide and other harmful pollutants from traffic and industry, and in return, release the oxygen we need to breathe. Furthermore, parks play a crucial role in fighting the 'urban heat island' effect, where cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. The shade from trees and the evaporation from plants cool the air, providing a much-needed escape from the summer heat. They also offer a vital habitat for biodiversity, supporting various species of birds, insects, and small animals that would otherwise struggle to survive in a concrete jungle.

Beyond the environment, green spaces have a profound impact on human well-being. Numerous studies have shown that spending time in nature can significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. A simple walk in a park can improve your mood and mental clarity. These areas also encourage physical activity. Whether it's jogging on a path, playing football on a field, or doing yoga on the grass, parks provide free and accessible opportunities for people of all ages to exercise, contributing to better physical health and preventing lifestyle-related diseases.

Finally, parks are powerful engines for social and economic vitality. They act as community hubs, bringing people from diverse backgrounds together and fostering a sense of local identity and connection. This is especially true in large-scale developments, such as Vinhomes Central Park in Ho Chi Minh City, which was designed around its massive green space. These major urban developments often highlight their large parks as a primary attraction. They understand that a beautiful green space increases property value and appeals to families and individuals seeking a higher quality of life. This proves that investing in parks is not just an expense but a smart investment in the city's future.

In conclusion, urban parks are much more than just pretty patches of green. They are hard-working, multi-functional systems that clean our air, cool our cities, improve our health, and strengthen our communities. As our cities continue to grow, protecting and creating these green lungs is not a luxury, but a fundamental necessity for building sustainable and livable urban environments for everyone.