Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-150

A landslide is the movement of rock, debris, or earth down a sloped section of land, pulled by the force of gravity. But what can (35) __________ such a powerful event? The answer is not always simple, as several factors often combine to create the perfect conditions for the ground to suddenly move. These events can happen slowly over time or very quickly without any warning.

One of the most common causes is water. When there is too (36) __________ rain over a short period, the ground becomes saturated. This means the soil absorbs so much water that it becomes heavy and unstable. (37) __________ this added weight, the natural friction that holds the soil particles together is significantly reduced, making the entire slope weak and vulnerable to collapse.

Geological forces like earthquakes are another significant cause. The intense shaking from an earthquake can violently disturb a slope, causing large amounts of rock and soil to break loose and slide down. The resulting mixture of earth, rock, and other materials is known as debris. Other events, such as volcanic eruptions, can melt snow and ice rapidly, creating fast-moving mudflows that carry (38) __________ debris for many kilometers.

(39) __________, natural forces are not the only culprits. Human activities often increase the risk of landslides. For example, construction projects on or at the bottom of steep slopes can change water drainage patterns. An earthquake, (40) __________ might otherwise be harmless, could become the final push that causes a weakened hillside to collapse. Deforestation also removes the tree roots that bind the soil together.

Ultimately, gravity is the force that pulls everything downward. When the soil and rock on a slope can no longer resist this constant pull, they (41) __________ and begin to slide. Understanding these triggers is the first step towards predicting where landslides might occur. Through careful monitoring and responsible land management, the danger to communities living in high-risk areas (42) __________ reduced, potentially saving many lives.

Have you ever found yourself endlessly scrolling through a story on your phone, completely absorbed in its world? If so, you may have been reading a webtoon. Originating in South Korea, webtoons are digital comics specifically designed for reading on smartphones. They are published in a long, vertical strip, which allows for a seamless scrolling experience perfectly suited to mobile screens. This innovative format has exploded in popularity worldwide, and Vietnam is no exception. Platforms like the Vinagame-owned Zalo Webtoon have attracted millions of readers, showcasing both translated Korean hits and original Vietnamese series. But what makes this format so addictive?

The genius of webtoons lies in their mobile-first design. Unlike traditional comics that are constrained by the physical page, webtoons use the infinite canvas of the screen. The vertical layout allows creators to control the pacing of the story, using space between panels to build suspense or create dramatic effect. This format is ideal for the short bursts of free time people have throughout the day, like during a commute or a lunch break. Furthermore, a key part of their appeal is their use of vibrant, full-color illustrations from the very start, which makes the stories visually stunning and engaging in a way that many black-and-white print comics are not.

Beyond the format, the content itself is a major draw. Webtoons cover an incredible range of genres, from romance and fantasy to horror and slice-of-life, ensuring there is something for everyone. Most series are released episodically, with a new chapter typically appearing once a week. This regular schedule creates anticipation and keeps readers coming back for more. Crucially, webtoons foster a strong sense of community. Fans eagerly share theories and reactions in the comments section below each episode. It has become an essential part of the reading experience, allowing fans to connect with each other and the creators.

So, how do these platforms make money if so much content is free? The answer lies in the 'freemium' business model. Most series allow you to read a large number of chapters for free, which lowers the barrier for new readers to get invested in a story. Once they are hooked, readers can choose to pay a small fee for a 'Fast Pass' to read upcoming episodes ahead of the free schedule, or to unlock completed series. This model makes webtoons highly accessible, removing the initial cost that might prevent someone from trying a new comic.

In conclusion, the global success of webtoons is no accident. It is the result of a perfect combination of factors: a format designed for the digital age, diverse and engaging content that builds community, and a clever business model that welcomes new readers. They are more than just a trend; they represent a significant evolution in how stories are created and consumed by a mobile-first generation.