Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-149

When we look at a towering skyscraper, we are often amazed by its height and design. The part of the building that makes this possible, however, (35) __________ often overlooked because it is completely hidden from view. This essential component is the foundation, a complex structure buried deep in the earth. Its primary purpose is to provide a stable base that can support the immense weight of the entire building above it.

A skyscraper's foundation does a critically important job: it must safely (36) __________ the enormous weight of the building, known as its 'load', from the structure to the ground. This prevents the building from sinking. The foundation is located deep (37) __________ the ground's surface, distributing the load over a large area. If the soil directly under a building is not strong enough to support this pressure, the foundation must be designed to reach a stronger layer farther down.

For many modern skyscrapers, the soil near the surface is too soft to support such a heavy structure. (38) __________, engineers use a special type of deep foundation system, most commonly involving piles. Piles are long columns made of steel or reinforced concrete. These piles are driven deep into the earth until they reach bedrock, which is an extremely (39) __________ layer of rock capable of supporting massive loads.

The process of creating a pile foundation is precise. The piles are forced into the ground, sometimes hundreds of feet down, until they hit the solid rock layer (40) __________ the building can be securely anchored. During construction, (41) __________ pile is carefully tested to ensure it can support its designated share of the load. This ensures that the entire foundation system works together as one solid unit, creating a stable platform for the skyscraper.

In conclusion, the foundation is the unsung hero of any skyscraper. By transferring the building's massive weight onto solid bedrock far below the surface, it serves two main purposes. It is designed to (42) __________ the skyscraper from sinking or leaning over time, and it anchors the tall structure firmly to the ground, allowing it to withstand forces like strong winds and earthquakes. Without a strong and stable foundation, these architectural marvels could not exist.

Inspired by global figures like Greta Thunberg, a wave of environmental consciousness is sweeping across the world, led by its youngest citizens. This powerful youth climate movement is not just a Western phenomenon; it has found a strong and passionate voice in Vietnam. Young Vietnamese are no longer passive observers of environmental issues. They are actively stepping up, organizing, and demanding change, proving that age is not a barrier to making a significant impact on the health of our planet. This is the story of Vietnam’s green generation.

In cities from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City, youth-led environmental organizations are becoming increasingly common. Groups like the Green Youth Collective have launched a variety of projects aimed at tackling local environmental problems directly. One popular initiative is organizing community clean-up events in parks, canals, and public spaces, which often suffer from littering. Another key focus is reducing single-use plastic consumption by promoting reusable bags and containers. Their goal is not just to clean up, but to inspire a lasting change in community habits.

Beyond physical clean-ups, this new generation of activists is incredibly skilled at using the power of digital media. They launch social media campaigns on platforms like Facebook and TikTok to raise awareness about issues such as air pollution and deforestation. Through engaging videos, informative graphics, and online challenges, they reach thousands of their peers. One successful campaign, #PlasticFreeVN, encouraged people to share photos of their efforts to avoid plastic. It quickly went viral, showing how online activism can translate into real-world consciousness and action.

The results of these youth-led efforts are becoming visible. Public areas are cleaner, and more cafes and shops are offering eco-friendly alternatives. More importantly, these young activists have started a crucial conversation about environmental responsibility in their communities. However, they also face challenges. Some find it difficult to get consistent support from older generations, and the sheer scale of environmental problems can feel overwhelming. Despite these obstacles, their determination remains strong, fueled by a desire for a sustainable future for their country.

The green generation in Vietnam demonstrates that meaningful change can start with anyone, anywhere. They combine practical, on-the-ground action with modern digital communication to create a powerful movement. By taking responsibility for their local environment, they are not only improving their own communities but also contributing to a global fight for the planet. Their work sends a clear message: the future is in their hands, and they are shaping it to be a greener one.