Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-147

The gasoline that powers millions of cars every day begins its journey as crude oil, a thick, dark liquid found deep beneath the Earth's surface. This non-renewable resource is not a single substance but a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons. To become useful, this raw material must first undergo a transformation process at a large industrial facility known as a refinery.

First, the crude oil is transported to the refinery, where it is heated in a large furnace to an extremely high temperature, around 400°C. This intense heat causes most of the oil to vaporize, turning it into a hot mix of gas and liquid. The (35) __________ of this critical first step is essential for the quality of the final products.

Next, this superheated mixture is pumped into a tall fractional distillation tower. (36) __________ is where the main separation happens. As the hot vapor mixture rises inside the tower, it gradually cools. Substances with higher boiling points, like bitumen for roads, condense back into liquid at the hot bottom section. Lighter substances with lower boiling points continue to rise higher. Gasoline vapor, being very light, travels to the (37) __________ part of the tower before it condenses.

Engineers (38) __________ a vital role in carefully monitoring the temperature differences within the tower. The temperature at each level (39) __________ be precisely controlled to isolate different fuels effectively. Once condensed, these separated liquids, or 'fractions', are (40) __________ into different pipes for further processing. (41) __________ is this process complex, but it is also fundamental to our modern world, providing fuel for transportation and other industries.

Gasoline is just one of many products. Other fuels like diesel and jet fuel are also collected from the tower, but at different, lower levels where the temperature is still very hot. (42) __________, the refining of crude oil is a sophisticated process that uses heat to separate a raw mixture into many essential fuels that power our daily lives.

Smartwatches are now a common sight, seen on wrists from Ho Chi Minh City to Hanoi. Heavily promoted by major electronics retailers, these gadgets promise to improve our well-being by tracking our steps, heart rate, and sleep quality. But does strapping a piece of technology to your wrist automatically lead to a healthier lifestyle? The answer is more complex than a simple yes or no, involving both powerful benefits and potential risks.

On one hand, these devices can be incredible motivators. Receiving a notification to stand up after sitting for too long can help break a sedentary habit. Setting daily goals for steps or active minutes gives users a clear target to aim for. Many smartwatches also allow friends to share their progress, creating a fun sense of competition. Seeing that your friend has already walked 8,000 steps might encourage you to go for an evening walk to catch up. This feedback is instantly available, providing immediate encouragement or a push to do more.

However, there is a potential downside. For some individuals, the constant stream of data can lead to what is known as 'health anxiety'. Instead of feeling motivated, they may feel stressed if their sleep score is low or if their heart rate seems slightly irregular. This constant monitoring can become an obsession, where the focus shifts from genuine well-being to simply achieving perfect numbers on a screen. When this happens, the tool that was meant to help can actually cause more stress, which is counterproductive to health.

Ultimately, a smartwatch is only a tool. It cannot force you to exercise or choose a salad over fried chicken. The data it provides is only valuable if the user acts on it with a positive mindset. The real change comes from an internal desire to be healthier. The watch can support this desire by providing information and reminders, but it cannot create the desire itself. Without personal commitment, the most advanced smartwatch is just an expensive bracelet.

So, can a smartwatch make you a healthier person? It certainly can, but only if you are an active participant in the process. It is a powerful assistant for those already committed to improving their lifestyle, offering guidance and motivation along the way. However, it is not a magic solution. The key is to use the data as a guide, not a rulebook, and to remember that true health is about feeling good, not just about hitting digital targets.