Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-145

Have you ever wondered what happens to a plastic bottle after you throw it in a recycling bin? This simple action (35) __________ trigger a complex but fascinating process that transforms waste into valuable new materials. Recycling plastic bottles not only helps protect the environment by reducing landfill waste but also conserves natural resources. The journey from a used bottle to a new product is a great example of a circular economy in action.

The process begins with collection. Once collected from homes and public recycling bins, the bottles are transported to a large recycling facility. Here, workers or machines (36) __________ the initial sorting, separating the plastic bottles from other materials like glass, metal, and paper. The bottles are then further sorted by the type of plastic they are made from, which is often identified by a number inside a small triangle symbol. This step is crucial for ensuring the quality of the recycled material.

Next, the sorted plastic is shredded into small flakes. This is done to make the plastic easier to clean and process. After shredding, any remaining labels and caps are removed, and the plastic is (37) __________ washed to eliminate contaminants like leftover liquids, dirt, and food residue. The (38) __________ of clean, uniform flakes is essential for the next stage, as impurities can weaken the final product.

After being thoroughly cleaned and dried, these flakes are melted down into a thick liquid. (39) __________ transforms the solid waste into a versatile raw material that can be shaped and molded. The hot, liquid plastic is then passed through a machine that cools it and cuts it into small pellets. These pellets are often (40) __________ to transport than the original bulky bottles and are sold to manufacturers.

Not only (41) __________ this process save energy compared to making plastic from new petroleum, but it also reduces greenhouse gas emissions. These pellets can be re-melted and turned into a wide variety of new products, including new bottles, polyester fiber for clothing, carpeting, and even furniture. (42) __________, the journey of a plastic bottle from a waste product to a valuable resource demonstrates the power and importance of recycling in creating a more sustainable future.

In cities across Vietnam, from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City, the glow of modern shopping centers like Aeon Mall is hard to ignore. For many teenagers, these places represent a world of possibility, filled with the latest smartphones, fashionable clothes, and branded sneakers. Influenced by social media and advertising, the message seems clear: owning more new things is a key to happiness and social status. This powerful force, known as consumerism, encourages the constant acquisition of goods, suggesting that our satisfaction is just one purchase away.

However, a quiet but growing counter-movement offers a different path. This philosophy is called minimalism. It's not about living in an empty room or giving up all modern conveniences. Instead, minimalism is the practice of identifying what is truly essential in one's life and removing everything else. This process of 'decluttering' isn't just for physical objects; it also applies to digital distractions and stressful commitments. Minimalists deliberately choose to live with less, not because they can't afford more, but because they seek a life of purpose and clarity, free from the pressure to always want the next new thing.

The benefits of adopting a minimalist mindset can be significant. By spending less money on non-essential items, individuals can achieve greater financial freedom, allowing them to save for more meaningful goals, like education or travel. With fewer possessions to manage, clean, and organize, people often find they have more time and mental energy for hobbies, relationships, and self-improvement. The minimalist lifestyle, therefore, shifts the focus from material wealth to experiential richness. Proponents argue that it leads to reduced stress and a greater sense of control over one's life.

Of course, embracing minimalism doesn't have to be an extreme, all-or-nothing decision. For a teenager, it might not mean selling all their belongings. It could be as simple as thinking twice before making an impulse purchase, repairing a favorite item instead of replacing it, or unfollowing social media accounts that create feelings of envy. It’s about making conscious choices that align with personal values, rather than following trends. The goal is to curate a life that feels authentic and fulfilling, whether that involves owning ten things or a hundred.

Ultimately, the choice between a consumer-driven life and a minimalist one is personal. One path promises immediate gratification through possessions, while the other offers long-term contentment through simplicity and intention. As young people navigate this complex world, understanding both philosophies is crucial for defining what a 'good life' truly means to them.