Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-115

A dome is a beautiful architectural element, famous for its ability to (35) __________ a large area without the need for internal columns. This creates a vast, open, and spacious interior. Essentially, a dome is a three-dimensional arch, rotated 360 degrees around its central vertical axis. It is a self-supporting structure, meaning its own shape gives it strength. The curved surface is not just for appearance; it is key to its stability.

The genius of the dome lies in how it manages weight. The force of gravity pulls the materials downwards, but the dome’s curved shape redirects this force outwards, along its surface. This outward push is known as "thrust." For a dome to be (36) __________ sound, this thrust has to be managed. If it is not properly contained, the base of the dome will spread apart, and the entire structure will collapse.

(37) __________, architects developed clever ways to counter this outward thrust. The base of the dome (38) __________ be supported by very thick, heavy walls or by external supports called buttresses. These elements push back against the dome's outward force, creating a state of equilibrium. The weight is safely channeled downwards into the ground through these strong foundations.

Perhaps (39) __________ example of a dome is the Pantheon in Rome, built nearly 2,000 years ago. Its concrete dome is still the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world, and it was engineered to (40) __________ its own immense weight. The famous opening at the top, the oculus, actually reduces stress on the structure, (41) __________ also lets in a dramatic beam of light.

In conclusion, the dome is more than just a roof; it is a sophisticated solution to an engineering problem. It showcases a deep understanding of forces and materials. (42) __________ such a perfect blend of artistic beauty and scientific principle in a single architectural form.

As global travel becomes more accessible, a new generation of travelers is looking for more than just a place to sleep. They seek genuine connection and cultural understanding, moving away from standardized tourist experiences. This shift has ignited a debate about the best type of accommodation: the traditional, reliable hotel or the intimate, personal homestay. For teenagers planning future adventures, like a school exchange or a backpacking trip, this choice is crucial as it can fundamentally shape their perception and memory of a new destination.

A homestay, by definition, involves staying in the home of a local family. Its main appeal lies in the opportunity for deep cultural immersion. Guests can share meals with their hosts, learn about daily routines, and receive insider tips on the best local spots, far from the tourist crowds. In Vietnamese highland towns like Da Lat and Sa Pa, this model has become extremely popular. Tourists, often inspired by social media, choose to stay with local ethnic minority families to experience their unique lifestyle and traditions firsthand. This provides an authentic cultural exchange that a hotel simply cannot replicate.

However, the homestay experience is not without its challenges. It often means less privacy and sharing facilities like bathrooms. Furthermore, the rise of tourism has led to the commercialization of the concept. Some properties marketed as homestays are actually small, family-run guesthouses with little to no host interaction. They often look like traditional homes but are run purely as businesses, which can dilute the very authenticity travelers are seeking. This is where hotels have a clear advantage, offering a predictable standard of comfort, security, and privacy.

On the other hand, hotels provide a different kind of value. They guarantee a consistent level of service, professional staff, and amenities such as swimming pools, gyms, and 24-hour reception. For travelers who spend their days exploring bustling cities or trekking through challenging landscapes, the comfort and anonymity of a hotel room can be a welcome retreat. The choice is not about which option is universally better, but which one aligns with a traveler's personal priorities and expectations for their journey.

Ultimately, deciding between a homestay and a hotel depends on what you, as a traveler, want to gain from your trip. If your goal is to live like a local and forge personal connections, a well-chosen homestay is ideal. If you prioritize comfort, privacy, and guaranteed amenities after a long day, a hotel is likely the safer bet. The key is to do your research, read reviews, and understand what each option truly offers before you book.