Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-111

A lever is a type of simple machine, a basic mechanical device (35) __________ helps to make work easier. It is one of the most fundamental tools in engineering and everyday life. A lever is essentially a long, rigid bar or beam that pivots on a fixed point. This fixed point is known as the fulcrum. The main purpose of a lever is to lift or move a weight with less force than would be needed without it.

Every lever consists (36) __________ three main components. The first is the fulcrum, the pivot point. The second is the load, which is the object or weight that needs to be moved. The third component is the effort, which is the force that (37) __________ to the lever in order to move the load. The interaction between these three parts is what gives the lever its mechanical advantage, allowing a person to accomplish tasks that would otherwise be very difficult.

The way a lever works is all about distance and force. By changing the position of the fulcrum relative to the load and the effort, you can (38) __________ change the amount of force required. For example, if the fulcrum is placed closer to the load, (39) __________ effort is needed to lift it. This mechanical advantage allows a small force to be magnified into a much greater force, making it possible to move very heavy objects.

You can find levers all around you. A seesaw on a playground is a perfect example, where the pivot in the middle is the fulcrum. A crowbar uses the same principle to pull out nails, and a bottle opener allows you to remove a cap with minimal effort. (40) __________, these tools might look different, they all use the same core mechanics to (41) __________ work easier. Each one has a fulcrum, a load to act upon, and a point where effort is applied.

In conclusion, the lever is a powerful tool because of its simple design and effective application of physical laws. The basic (42) __________ behind it—trading a small force over a larger distance to move a heavy load over a shorter distance—has been used by engineers for centuries. It proves that even the simplest ideas can have a great impact on our ability to shape the world around us.

In Vietnam, the image of a family gathered around a steaming pot of rice is a powerful symbol of home and connection. This tradition, the family meal, is a cornerstone of our culture. However, in today's fast-paced world, this cherished custom is under pressure. With parents working long hours and teenagers busy with school and 'học thêm' (extra classes), finding time to eat together can be a real challenge. Despite these difficulties, research from around the world shows that protecting this time is one of the most important investments a family can make for a teenager's well-being.

One of the most significant benefits of regular family dinners is improved nutrition. Studies have shown that teenagers who have consistent family meals tend to eat more fruits, vegetables, and essential nutrients like calcium and fiber. They are also less likely to consume unhealthy junk food, sugary drinks, and excessive fried foods. This simple habit contributes directly to better physical health, helps in maintaining a healthy weight, and establishes positive eating patterns that can last a lifetime.

Beyond the physical benefits, family meals are crucial for mental and emotional health. The dinner table can act as a safe space where teenagers feel comfortable sharing the details of their day, from their successes to their worries. These open conversations help build trust and strengthen family bonds. They provide an opportunity for parents to offer support and guidance, which can significantly reduce a teenager's stress and anxiety. In fact, studies have linked regular family meals to lower rates of depression and a more positive outlook on life among adolescents.

The advantages extend into the social sphere as well. During a meal, family members practice vital communication skills. They learn to listen respectfully, articulate their own thoughts clearly, and even negotiate different points of view. These social skills are fundamental for building healthy relationships outside the home. Perhaps surprisingly, this improved communication can also have a positive impact on academic performance. Teenagers who are confident communicators often find it easier to participate in class discussions and collaborate on group projects.

While it's true that modern schedules are demanding, the benefits of eating together are too valuable to ignore. It doesn't have to be a perfect, elaborate meal every single night. The key is making a conscious effort to create this shared time, even if it's just a few times a week. By prioritizing the family meal, you are not just having dinner; you are building a foundation of health, connection, and resilience that will support you for years to come.