Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-110

A comet is often called a 'cosmic snowball.' It is a celestial body (35) __________ of ice, rock, and dust that travels in a long, elliptical orbit around the sun. When a comet is far from the sun, in the cold, outer regions of the solar system, it is just a frozen, dark nucleus, often only a few kilometers wide. It remains inactive and invisible for most of its journey, waiting for its distant approach to our star.

The comet (36) __________ on its long journey towards the sun, pulled by gravity. As it moves closer, the sun's powerful radiation begins to heat its surface. This causes the ice to sublimate, changing directly from a solid into a gas. This process releases the dust trapped within the ice, and the comet slowly awakens. From Earth, it (37) __________ look like a faint, fuzzy star at this stage.

This released gas and dust form a glowing cloud around the nucleus called a coma, (38) __________ can grow to be hundreds of thousands of kilometers wide. The solar wind, a stream of particles from the sun, pushes this material away from the nucleus. The tail becomes (39) __________ and more visible as the comet gets closer to the sun. Interestingly, a comet's tail always points away from the sun, regardless of the direction the comet is traveling.

Not until a comet nears the sun (40) __________ its most dramatic transformation occur. At its closest point, the comet is at its most active and its brightest. The (41) __________ of a bright comet in the night sky is an unforgettable sight. After passing the sun, it begins its long, slow journey back towards the outer solar system, gradually cooling and fading from view.

(42) __________, the comet returns to its frozen state, a silent traveler in the dark. While some comets have short orbits and return every few years, others take thousands of years to complete their cycle. Each trip wears the comet down, as it loses ice and dust. Eventually, after many journeys, it may break apart or simply fade away, its spectacular journey finally over.

The feeling of scoring a goal in football or making the perfect shot in basketball is incredible. For many teenagers in Vietnam and around the world, sports are a fantastic way to have fun, stay active, and build friendships. However, the excitement of the game can sometimes be cut short by an unexpected injury. A twisted ankle or a pulled muscle can mean weeks on the sidelines, watching your friends play without you. The good news is that most of these common sports injuries are preventable. By learning and applying a few simple safety principles, you can protect yourself and stay in the game.

The first and most important step before any physical activity is a proper warm-up. Many young athletes make the mistake of jumping straight into the action. A good warm-up, lasting about 10-15 minutes, prepares your body for intense movement. It should consist of dynamic stretches, which are active movements that take your body through a range of motion. Examples include light jogging, high knees, butt kicks, and leg swings. This process gradually increases your heart rate and blood flow to the muscles, making them more flexible and less likely to tear or strain.

Using the correct technique and proper equipment is also crucial for injury prevention. In a sport like football, learning how to tackle an opponent or land after a jump correctly can significantly reduce the risk of sprains and fractures. Furthermore, always use the right gear. For footballers, this means wearing well-fitting boots and shin guards. Shin guards are especially important as they protect the lower legs from direct impact. They are a simple but effective piece of equipment that can prevent painful injuries. Taking the time to learn the rules and play fairly also contributes to a safer environment for everyone.

Just as important as the warm-up is the cool-down. After a game or training session, your body needs to transition back to a resting state gradually. A cool-down, which involves 5-10 minutes of light activity and static stretching, helps with this process. Static stretches are those you hold in one position for about 20-30 seconds, like a hamstring stretch or a quad stretch. This practice helps improve flexibility, reduces muscle soreness for the next day, and allows your heart rate to return to normal slowly. Skipping the cool-down can leave your muscles tight and increase the chance of stiffness.

Finally, one of the smartest things an athlete can do is listen to their body. There is a difference between the normal muscle soreness that comes from a good workout and sharp, persistent pain. Pushing through pain is not a sign of strength; it’s a recipe for a more serious injury. If something hurts, stop, rest, and if the pain continues, tell a parent or a coach. Being smart about your body's limits is the ultimate strategy for a long and enjoyable time playing your favorite sport.