Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-104

Many people think a monsoon is just heavy rain. In reality, it is a large-scale, seasonal shift in wind direction. This (35) __________ change is most famously associated with South Asia and Southeast Asia. The word 'monsoon' comes from an Arabic word for 'season,' which highlights its predictable, cyclical nature. It is a fundamental part of the climate for billions of people.

The primary cause of the monsoon is the temperature difference between land and sea. During the summer, the sun heats the land much faster than the ocean. This creates an area of low pressure over the land, (36) __________ pulls in moist air from the cooler ocean. This shift has a significant (37) __________ on the climate of the affected regions.

This incoming moist air leads to a period of intense rainfall. This period, known as the wet season, can last for (38) __________ months, bringing the majority of the region's annual precipitation. The monsoon (39) __________ a crucial role in filling rivers and reservoirs, which is why agriculture is so reliant on its arrival each year.

(40) __________, during the winter, the situation reverses. The land cools down more quickly than the ocean, creating an area of high pressure over the continent. This high pressure (41) __________ cooler, drier air from the land towards the sea. This process results in the dry season, a period with very little rainfall.

In conclusion, the monsoon is a tale of two seasons: one very wet and one very dry. This cycle is essential for life in many parts of the world. Millions of people are (42) __________ on these seasonal rains for their water supply and to support their agriculture. Understanding this powerful weather phenomenon is key to understanding the region's culture and economy.

Across the globe, a new type of urban environment is rapidly emerging: the megacity. These are not just large cities; they are immense urban areas with populations exceeding ten million people. They represent hubs of economic power, innovation, and cultural exchange, drawing in millions who seek opportunity and a more dynamic lifestyle. This global trend is reshaping not only our physical landscapes but also the very fabric of society.

Vietnam is at the forefront of this transformation in Southeast Asia. The skylines of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are changing at a breathtaking pace, largely driven by rapid urbanization. A key feature of this change is the development of large-scale, integrated residential projects. Developments like Vinhomes have created 'cities within cities,' offering residents everything from shopping malls and schools to parks and hospitals in one self-contained area. These projects reflect a vision of a modern, convenient urban future.

For teenagers, the allure of these super-cities is powerful. They promise access to superior educational institutions, a wider variety of career paths, and a vibrant social life filled with entertainment and cultural events that smaller towns cannot offer. The chance to meet people from diverse backgrounds and engage with cutting-edge technology and ideas is a significant magnet for young, ambitious individuals looking to shape their futures.

However, this urban dream comes with significant challenges. The sheer density of people and vehicles leads to chronic traffic congestion, making daily commutes a stressful ordeal. Air and noise pollution often reach unhealthy levels, impacting residents' well-being. Furthermore, the cost of living is substantially higher, putting pressure on families. This intense environment also fosters a culture of fierce competition for everything from a place in a good school to a promising job.

Ultimately, the environment in which young people grow up profoundly shapes their personalities and perspectives. Do they thrive in the fast-paced, competitive atmosphere of a megacity, or do they feel overwhelmed by its pressures? The constant exposure to both immense opportunity and significant stress creates a unique generation of city dwellers, who are often more independent but also more accustomed to a high-pressure lifestyle compared to their rural counterparts.

As Vietnam continues on its path of development, the debate over these super-cities continues. Are they a sustainable model for the future, or will their negative aspects eventually outweigh the benefits? Finding a balance between economic progress and maintaining a high quality of life for citizens, especially the younger generation, remains the critical question for the nation's planners.