Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-102

Have you ever wondered why some flights are so much cheaper than others? The answer often lies in the business model of budget airlines. Their main goal is to offer significantly (35) __________ ticket prices than traditional carriers. The reason is that they provide a very basic service, focusing only on getting you from one destination to another, without the non-essential luxuries.

One major strategy involves the choice of airports. Budget airlines frequently fly to smaller, secondary airports that are located further from the city center. Because these airports have lower landing fees, the airline saves a lot of money. Furthermore, since these airports are less busy, planes (36) __________ spend less time waiting on the ground, allowing for quicker turnarounds.

Onboard the plane, the differences are also clear. You will find that there are no free meals or drinks. Services that are considered standard on other airlines, like checked baggage and in-flight entertainment, are often treated as (37) __________ extras for which you must pay. This “unbundling” of services means passengers only pay for what they actually want or need.

Operational efficiency is another key factor. Most budget airlines use only one type of aircraft. (38) __________ do they save money on maintenance, but they also streamline crew training. This approach is much (39) __________ expensive than operating a mixed fleet. They also aim for quick turnaround times on the ground. By optimizing their schedules, they (40) __________ an impressive level of efficiency.

(41) __________ means that even small delays are costly and must be avoided. (42) __________, the low price of a budget airline ticket is not a mystery; it is a direct result of a business model focused on minimizing costs. By cutting non-essential services and maximizing efficiency, these airlines can pass the savings on to the customer.

Before you could stream movies instantly or join online classes without interruption, the internet was a very different place. For many families in the 1990s and early 2000s, connecting to the web meant using a dial-up modem. This connection was incredibly slow, making a strange series of beeps and squeals as it established a link over a telephone line. Downloading a single song could take over ten minutes, and the internet connection would be lost if someone picked up the phone. It was a primitive but revolutionary technology for its time, opening the first door to the digital world.

The first major improvement was the arrival of ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line). This 'broadband' technology was a significant leap forward. It was 'always on,' meaning you didn't have to dial in each time, and it was much faster than dial-up. Crucially, it used the same copper telephone wires that were already installed in most homes, making the upgrade relatively straightforward for telecommunication companies. However, the speed of ADSL was limited by the physical properties of copper and the distance from the user's home to the telephone exchange.

The true revolution in internet speed came with fiber optic technology. Instead of sending electrical signals through copper wires, fiber optic cables transmit data using pulses of light that travel through extremely thin strands of glass. They can carry massive amounts of information at nearly the speed of light, making them far superior to copper cables in both speed and reliability. This technology is less affected by distance or electrical interference, providing a stable and consistent connection capable of handling high-definition video streaming, competitive online gaming, and large file downloads simultaneously.

In Vietnam, this technological shift has been dramatic and rapid. Companies like the state-owned VNPT and private corporations such as FPT Telecom have invested heavily in replacing the old copper infrastructure with a vast network of fiber optic cables. This massive undertaking has brought high-speed internet not just to major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, but also to more rural and remote areas. This national effort in digital transformation ensures that more and more people can access the opportunities of the modern digital economy.

For teenagers today, this powerful infrastructure is the invisible foundation of daily life. It's the reason you can collaborate on a school project over a video call, watch your favorite YouTubers without buffering, or compete in online games with players from around the world. The journey from the screech of a dial-up modem to the silent, lightning-fast pulse of a fiber optic cable is a remarkable story of engineering that makes your digital life possible.