Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-09

Have you ever wondered how a simple bar of soap is made? While it seems like a basic everyday object, its creation is a fascinating chemical journey. The manufacturing of soap follows a precise and traditional method that has been refined over centuries. The (35) __________ chemical reaction involved is called saponification, which is essentially the process of turning fats and oils into soap. This transformation is the core of all soap production.

The process begins with the careful selection of ingredients. First, fats or oils, which can come from either vegetable or animal sources, (36) __________ with an alkali. A common alkali used in soap making is sodium hydroxide, also known as lye. This mixture is then heated (37) __________ a specific temperature and stirred continuously. Heating helps to accelerate the saponification reaction, ensuring that all the oil and lye react completely.

(38) __________, once the reaction is complete, the mixture thickens into a hot, liquid soap. At this stage, other ingredients like fragrances, colors, or essential oils can be added to customize the final product. The liquid soap is then carefully poured into large trays called molds. It is left in these molds to cool and begin the hardening process, which is a critical step for creating a solid bar.

After being poured, the soap must be left to 'cure' for several weeks. This waiting period is (39) __________ because it allows the saponification to finish and the soap to harden fully. It also lets any excess water evaporate, resulting in a harder, longer-lasting bar. (40) __________ bar of soap must go through this curing stage; skipping it would result in a soft and unusable product. The patience required here is key to quality.

Finally, after the curing is complete, the large blocks of soap are removed from their molds. They are cut into the familiar smaller bars (41) __________ we buy in stores. These bars are often stamped with the manufacturer's logo and then inspected for quality before being packaged. The entire process, from mixing raw ingredients to the finished bar, (42) __________ both scientific precision and careful craftsmanship.

Have you ever watched a movie and felt a surge of excitement during a chase scene, or a tear roll down your cheek during a sad moment? While the actors' performances are important, the powerful emotions you feel are often guided by an invisible force: the film's soundtrack. A soundtrack, which includes the musical score and songs, is not just background noise; it is the emotional backbone of a film. Legendary composers like John Williams, with his iconic themes for 'Star Wars', and Hans Zimmer, with his powerful scores for 'The Lion King', have shown that music is a crucial tool for storytelling.

Filmmakers use music in two primary ways. The first is diegetic music, which exists within the world of the film, like a song playing on a car radio that the characters can hear. The second, and often more powerful, is non-diegetic music. This is the background score that only the audience can hear. It's used to manipulate our feelings, building suspense with fast-paced, high-pitched notes or creating a sense of wonder with a sweeping orchestral piece. This emotional guidance is a deliberate choice made by the director and composer to enhance the story's impact on the viewer.

One of the most effective techniques in film scoring is the use of a 'leitmotif'. This is a short, recurring musical phrase associated with a particular character, place, or idea. Think of the menacing two-note theme for the shark in 'Jaws' or the triumphant march for Indiana Jones. This musical signature can instantly represent a character or an idea. It serves as an emotional shortcut for the audience, creating an instant connection and making the narrative more cohesive and memorable.

Beyond just supporting the scenes, a soundtrack can become a cultural phenomenon on its own. The collection of songs can be so popular that it achieves massive success independent of the film. A perfect example in Vietnam is the soundtrack for the movie 'Mắt Biếc' (Dreamy Eyes). The songs, written and performed by Phan Mạnh Quỳnh, became chart-topping hits that millions of people listened to, even those who hadn't seen the film. This proves that a great soundtrack can extend a movie's legacy, allowing its emotional core to live on through music.

In the end, a film's soundtrack is much more than a simple accessory. It's a complex and vital part of the cinematic experience. By setting the mood, guiding our emotions, defining characters with unique themes, and sometimes even becoming a star in its own right, music has the undeniable power to transform a good movie into an unforgettable one.