Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-03

In our solar system, most planets spin like tops as they orbit the Sun. However, the planet Uranus (35) __________ differently. While others have a vertical or slightly tilted axis, Uranus is unique. It orbits the Sun while spinning on its side, almost like a rolling ball. This strange orientation has puzzled astronomers for a long time, leading them to investigate its mysterious past.

The leading theory that scientists use to explain this unusual tilt is called the 'giant impact hypothesis.' It is thought that long ago, when the solar system was still forming, (36) __________ massive object, possibly the size of Earth, collided violently with the young planet. This theory provides the most plausible explanation for the planet's current state.

(37) __________ the immense force of this collision, Uranus was effectively knocked over. The energy from the impact was so great, (38) __________ its axis to tilt by an extreme 98 degrees. One astronomer explained that the planet's rotational direction (39) __________ as a result of the impact as well. This single, catastrophic event reshaped the planet’s future forever.

This extreme tilt has dramatic consequences for Uranus's climate. The planet's poles experience 42 years of continuous sunlight, followed by 42 years of darkness. Understanding these strange seasons is a challenge that scientists have had to (40) __________ for decades. The planet's unique characteristics mean that studying it is (41) __________.

Today, the giant impact hypothesis remains the most widely accepted explanation for Uranus’s sideways spin. It highlights how violent events in the early solar system shaped the planets we see today. If that ancient collision (42) __________, Uranus would probably spin upright, much like its neighbor, Saturn.

Imagine scrolling through social media and seeing a video of your favorite singer endorsing a product you’ve never heard of, or a famous politician saying something truly shocking. You watch it again. It looks completely real. The voice, the facial expressions, everything seems perfect. But is it? Welcome to the era of deepfakes, a technology that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to create highly convincing but entirely fake videos and audio. As this technology advances, the line between reality and digital fabrication is becoming dangerously blurry.

Deepfake technology works by training an AI on a massive dataset of images and audio of a specific person. The AI learns their facial movements, voice patterns, and mannerisms, allowing it to generate new content where that person appears to say or do things they never did. What was once a complex process requiring powerful computers is now becoming more accessible, with some apps allowing users to create simple face-swaps. While often used for harmless fun or in the film industry to create special effects, this sophisticated technology also carries significant risks.

The potential for misuse is enormous. Deepfakes can be a powerful tool for spreading misinformation and fake news, potentially influencing public opinion or damaging someone's reputation. A more direct threat, which is now a growing concern in Vietnam, is their use in financial scams. Cybersecurity experts, such as the well-known Ngo Minh Hieu (HieuPC), have started public campaigns to raise awareness. Scammers can use AI to clone a person's voice from a short audio clip, then call their family members pretending to be in trouble and asking for money. Because the voice sounds so authentic, they can easily trick unsuspecting relatives.

So, how can you protect yourself in a world where seeing isn't always believing? The first step is to become a more critical viewer. Pay close attention to details in videos. Do the person's eyes blink unnaturally, or do they stare without blinking for too long? Is the lighting on the face consistent with the background? Does the skin texture look too smooth or blurry? Sometimes, the audio is a giveaway; the voice might sound robotic or lack emotional variation.

Beyond visual clues, the most powerful defense is verifying the source. Ask yourself: where did this video come from? Was it posted by a reputable news organization or an anonymous social media account with no history? Before you share something shocking, take a moment to search for it on reliable news websites. If a major story is real, established journalists will be reporting on it. In this new digital landscape, questioning what you see online is not just a good habit—it's an essential skill for staying safe and informed.