Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-02

Have you ever wondered how the creamy butter you spread on your toast is made? The journey begins with a single, simple ingredient: cream. Cream is the thick, fatty part of milk that rises to the top. Before the butter-making process can start, this cream is separated from the rest of the milk. It is especially rich (35) __________ fat, which is the key component that will eventually be transformed into butter.

The transformation happens through a process called churning. A churn is the essential tool (36) __________ is used for this step. Historically, these were wooden barrels, but today, modern machinery is often used. Inside the churn, the cream (37) __________ continuously agitated, meaning it is shaken or stirred very quickly. This constant movement forces the tiny fat globules suspended in the cream to collide and stick together.

As the fat globules stick together, they form a solid mass. (38) __________, the liquid part separates from these newly formed clumps of fat. This remaining liquid is not cream anymore; it is a thin, slightly sour liquid called buttermilk. The key moment in churning is when this separation becomes visible. You can literally see solid butter forming as the liquid buttermilk surrounds it.

Once the butter has formed into a solid lump, the process is not quite finished. Afterwards, (39) __________ of the buttermilk is drained away, and the butter is often 'washed' with cold water. This helps to remove any last traces of buttermilk from the butter. Washing the butter is a (40) __________ step because it improves the flavor and helps the butter stay fresh for longer. Without this step, the butter would spoil much more quickly.

This process, which has been used for centuries, is a great example of how a simple physical action can (41) __________ a significant change in food. It shows the transformation of a liquid into a solid through purely mechanical means. The final (42) __________ is a delicious, creamy spread enjoyed around the world, all starting from the simple act of churning cream.

Every four years, the global mathematics community turns its attention to one of its most prestigious events: the awarding of the Fields Medal. Often described as the 'Nobel Prize of Mathematics', it is an honor that recognizes outstanding mathematical achievement for existing work and for the promise of future accomplishment. Unlike the Nobel Prize, the Fields Medal has a strict age limit: recipients must be under 40 years old. This rule emphasizes the importance of encouraging young, brilliant minds to continue pushing the boundaries of knowledge.

In 2010, Vietnam celebrated a historic moment of national pride when Professor Ngô Bảo Châu was awarded the Fields Medal. He received this high honor for his proof of the 'Fundamental Lemma', a complex and long-standing problem in modern mathematics. His work was not just a personal triumph but a significant event for his home country, showcasing Vietnamese intellectual power on the world stage. The proof itself was a monumental achievement, connecting deep ideas from two different areas of mathematics, and it confirmed his status as one of the leading mathematicians of his generation. The term fundamental here implies its core importance to a larger mathematical theory.

Professor Châu's journey to the top was one of dedication and intellectual curiosity. His early talent for mathematics was evident from a young age. It was carefully cultivated through specialized education, first at the High School for Gifted Students, Hanoi National University of Science, and later at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France. This combination of a strong educational foundation in Vietnam and advanced studies abroad provided him with the tools and perspectives necessary to tackle some of the most difficult problems in his field.

The news of his award was met with widespread excitement and celebration across Vietnam. The government honored him, and media outlets, from major news channels to online newspapers like Dân Trí, covered the story extensively. For many, Professor Châu became a national hero. His success sent a powerful message to the country's youth: that with hard work, passion, and dedication, a Vietnamese student could reach the absolute peak of global academic achievement. He became a living symbol of inspiration for excellence in education.

Today, the legacy of Professor Ngô Bảo Châu extends far beyond his 2010 medal. He actively contributes to the development of mathematics in Vietnam by leading the Vietnam Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics (VIASM). His story is not just about solving one difficult problem; it is a testament to the power of perseverance and a reminder to young students everywhere that the pursuit of knowledge is a noble and rewarding journey.