Đề Tiếng Anh ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2025- Mã đề thi THPT-92

The importance of water to life cannot be overstated. (18) __________. Indeed, (19) __________, illustrating its indispensable role in our survival. From regulating body temperature to transporting nutrients and oxygen, water plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and supporting optimal physiological function.

(20) __________. When we don't consume enough fluids, our bodies are unable to perform essential functions efficiently. Mild dehydration can lead to symptoms like fatigue, headache, and dizziness, while severe dehydration can result in more serious complications such as heat stroke, kidney failure, and even death. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize hydration by consuming adequate amounts of water throughout the day.

The amount of water we need to drink varies depending on factors such as age, activity level, and climate. However, a general guideline for adults is to aim for eight glasses of water per day. (21) __________, should be adjusted based on individual needs and circumstances. For instance, athletes and individuals living in hot climates may require significantly more water to compensate for fluid losses through sweat.

In conclusion, prioritizing hydration is paramount to maintaining good health and well-being. (22) __________, is a precious resource that sustains life and enables our bodies to function optimally. By understanding the importance of hydration and making conscious efforts to consume adequate fluids, we can support our overall health and vitality.

The history of cartography is surprisingly ancient, reaching back far beyond what many might assume. Early humans, even before the development of writing systems, created maps. These were not the precise, satellite-image-based maps we use today, but rather rudimentary sketches on cave walls, bones, or even arranged stones. These early representations served as memory aids, helping people navigate their surroundings, track migratory patterns of animals, and denote important landmarks or resources.

One of the oldest surviving maps, dating back to approximately 6200 BC, is a wall painting found in Turkey at Çatalhöyük. It depicts a bird's-eye view of a village, possibly representing the settlement itself. While its accuracy is debatable, this map, alongside other early examples from Mesopotamia and ancient China, demonstrates the innate human desire to visualize and understand the spatial relationships within their world.

As civilizations developed, so too did their cartographic skills. The Greeks, with their emphasis on mathematics and geometry, made significant contributions to the scientific development of mapmaking. Ptolemy, a Greek scholar living in Egypt in the 2nd century AD, produced a geographical treatise known as "Geographia." This work included maps based on a grid system of latitude and longitude, a system still used today.

While Ptolemy's work was groundbreaking, the Middle Ages saw a shift in cartographic focus. Maps produced in Europe during this time were often more symbolic than geographically accurate. These maps, like the T-O maps, often centered on Jerusalem and depicted religious themes, reflecting the Church's influence on medieval life. Despite this shift, the desire to map the world never faded, setting the stage for the Age of Exploration and the incredible advancements in cartography that would follow.

[I] The fight for civil rights has been a long and arduous journey, spanning centuries and continents. [II] From the abolition of slavery to the women's suffrage movement and the fight for LGBTQ+ rights, these struggles have shaped the world we live in. [III] The fight for equality frequently calls upon tremendous courage and resilience in the face of adversity, often requiring sustained activism and challenging deeply entrenched social norms. [IV]

The Civil Rights Movement in the United States, gaining significant momentum in the mid-20th century, serves as a powerful example of this struggle. It challenged the pervasive system of racial segregation and discrimination known as Jim Crow, which denied African Americans basic rights such as voting, access to education, and equal treatment under the law. This system, rooted in the legacy of slavery, created a society where opportunities were systematically limited based on race.

The movement utilized a variety of tactics, including non-violent protests, boycotts, and legal challenges to dismantle discriminatory laws and practices. Landmark Supreme Court cases, like Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which declared state-sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional, were critical victories. The struggle also involved countless acts of individual bravery, such as Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, which sparked a city-wide boycott and galvanized the civil-rights movement.

Despite significant progress, the fight for civil rights is far from over. Discrimination persists in various forms, and the struggle for equality continues in areas like voting rights, criminal justice reform, and economic opportunity. Understanding the history of these movements, with their triumphs and setbacks, is essential for building a more just and equitable future. By learning from the past and continuing to advocate for change, we can work toward a society where the promise of equal rights is a reality for all.